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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: Comparison of SuperDARN peak electron density estimates based on elevation angle measurements to ionosonde and incoherent scatter radar measurements

Fig. 3

The F region peak electron density \( N_{\text{m}} F2 \) according to Rankin Inlet (RKN) HF radar elevation measurements in beams 4–6 (blue squares), CADI ionosonde (dark green open circles) data and RISR values (red diamonds) averaged over multiple beams (listed in Table 1). One full day of observations, 3 March 2016, is considered. For this plot, all RKN data with the antennae cross-phase deviation from its maximum possible value \( \varPsi_{{\text{adj}}} > 250^\circ \) (see the text for the explanation) are shown by pink squares. This type of “anomalous” points was excluded from further analysis in this study. The dotted line denotes the \( N_{\text{m}} F2 \) of the instrumental low limit for RKN measurements

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