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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 4 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 4

From: Evolution of field-aligned current in the meridional plane during substorm: multipoint observations from satellites and ground stations

Fig. 4

Schematic illustrations of possible FAC distributions: a on the ionosphere at the time when magnetic fluctuations reached QZS-1 and KTN and b in the magnetosphere near the midnight meridional plane at the first onset and QZS-1 onset. The blue area shows the earthward (downward) FAC, and the red area shows the tailward (upward) FAC. The solid green arrow shows the direction of azimuthal magnetic field variation. The dotted green arrow shows the opposite direction of the azimuthal magnetic field variation observed in the southern hemisphere with respect to the magnetic equator

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