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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 7 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 7

From: Performance evaluation of the particle swarm optimization algorithm to unambiguously estimate plasma parameters from incoherent scatter radar signals

Fig. 7

Average standard deviation values (in logarithmical scale) of “correct” (blue) and “incorrect” (red) statistical distributions obtained by fitting simulations using the PSO algorithm with the configuration of parameters (left column) “Param. 1” used by Wu et al. (2015) and (right column) “Param. 2”. Simulations were done estimating different combinations of known a priori plasma parameters from the plasma line at different signal fluctuation percentages (\(\delta (\%)\)). Vertical dotted line represents the estimated fluctuation value (\({\delta }_{\text{cross}}\)) at which \({P}_{\text{correct}}=50\%\). The maximum standard deviation value is represented with a horizontal dashed line (\({\sigma }_{\text{sat}}\)). The continuous black line represents the estimated regression of the standard deviation of “correct” solutions (\({\sigma }_{\text{est}}\)) before arriving to the saturation value. The dash-dotted black line represents the estimated regression of the MCLM method (\({\sigma }_{\text{MCLM}}\))

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