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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 4 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 4

From: Exploring effects in tippers at island geomagnetic observatories due to realistic depth- and time-varying oceanic electrical conductivity

Fig. 4

Vertical parametrization of the oceanic conductivity distribution in the 3-D modeling domain. \(\sigma _{1}\) to \(\sigma _{12}\) are the respective water layer’s conductivities, set to the layer’s average conductivity calculated from the global ocean conductivity model. \(\sigma _{\text{ocean}}\) is the deep (below 2000 m) ocean conductivity, which is set to 3.2 S/m. \(\sigma _{\text{land}}\) and \(\sigma _{\text{air}}\) are the landmass and air conductivity set to 0.01 S/m and \(10^{-8}\) S/m, respectively

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