Fig. 2
The equatorial simulation wave model of amplitude \( {B}_{{w}} \) and frequency \( {\omega} \). a Multi-subpacket chorus wave amplitude \( B_{w} \) normalized by the external dipole magnetic field at the equator \( B_{0} \). The model comprises eight subpackets with the largest peak value of about 2 nT over 0.25 s under assumption of \( B_{0} \) as 270 nT and \( \varOmega_{e0} \) as 7.6 kHz. b Multi-subpacket chorus wave frequency \( \omega \) normalized by \( \varOmega_{e0} \) rising from 1.3 to 3.8 kHz approximately