Fig. 9

Interactions between earthquakes and slow-slip events. a The model with velocity-weakening Segment A and velocity-strengthening down-dip segments produces slow-slip events every 490 years. b The model with a velocity-weakening seismogenic zone in the center and creeping neighboring segments produces periodic partial and full ruptures and afterslip propagating into the up-dip and down-dip segments. c The model with velocity-weakening segments C and D, surrounded by creeping zones, produces periodic long-term and short-term slow-slip events. d The reference 2D subduction model with velocity-weakening segments in accretionary prism, seismogenic zone, metamorphic shear zone and mantle lid shows highly variable seismic cycles. e Only long-recurrence-time slow earthquakes are produced in the model with only velocity-weakening segment A, while long-term slow slip appears in the coupled model. f The coupled model shows less regular full ruptures. g The long-term slow-slip events in the coupled model are suppressed at the beginning and facilitated in the later stage of the interseismic period. h The short-term slow-slip events in the coupled model are accelerated after the earthquakes and their recurrence time and amplitudes are irregular in the later stage of the earthquake cycle. i and j are enlarged view of the deep slow-slip events between 1200 and 1250 years, they are corresponding to g and h, respectively