Fig. 1From: Simple empirical method for estimating lava-effusion rate using nighttime Himawari-8 1.6-µm infrared imagesa Relationship between temperature and spectral radiance based on Planck equation. b Schematic illustration showing relationship between effusion rate for lava and size of 1.6-µm thermal anomaly at surface (upper: low effusion rate; lower: high effusion rate)Back to article page