Fig. 11From: Global characteristics of the westward-propagating quasi-16-day wave with zonal wavenumber 1 and the connection with the 2012/2013 SSW revealed by ERA-InterimAs in Fig. 10, but for the \({D}_{F}\) from quasi-stationary PWs (top), interaction between W1 Q16DW and quasi-stationary PWs (middle), and W1 Q16DW (bottom) at 50–80 \(^\circ \mathrm{N}\)Back to article page