Fig. 1

a A schematic diagram of a typical problem solved with dynamic earthquake sequence simulation. A region with source of traction change (slip difference from a reference \(\delta ^{\prime}\)) distributes in a region of length \(L\), which is governed by a rate- and state-dependent friction law. b Spectral representation and discretization with a regular mesh in the wavenumber domain causes artificial periodic boundaries every \(\lambda\). Computational domains required in the present method and in the conventional method are indicated by dashed rectangles in a and b, respectively