Fig. 7From: Subpacket structure in strong VLF chorus rising tones: characteristics and consequences for relativistic electron accelerationPercent energy gain is shown for seed electrons with initial energies between 30 keV and 10 MeV trapped in a single nonlinear interaction with the first two subpackets of the chorus elements shown in Fig. 2 Panels a–d following the calculations of Omura et al. (2019)Back to article page