Fig. 3
From: 3-D global hybrid simulations of magnetospheric response to foreshock processes
Case I: temporal evolution of spatial profiles of a \(B\) and b \(N\) along the Sun–Earth line during the time interval \(t = 80 - 140~\Omega _{{i0}}^{{ - 1}}\). The magnetopause boundary layers can be seen from the sharp increase in \(B\) or the abrupt decrease in \(N\), while the bow shock position is around \(13~R_{{\text{E}}}\) marked by the dashed line. Typical propagation of compressional waves are also marked. Note that the compressional waves can be perceived by the in-phase relation of \(B\) and \(N\) (Shi et al. 2013)