Fig. 10

Dependence of results in the ABIC method on the setting of basis functions at the model boundary. a, b Setting of basis functions. Blue curves represent individual cubic B-splines, and the red curve represents their summation. The vertical line indicates the boundary of the analysis region. Basis functions are truncated at the boundary in b. c, d Estimated eastward velocity fields using basis functions shown in a and b, respectively. e, f Estimated dilatation-rate fields using basis functions shown in a and b, respectively. g, h Spatial distribution of roughness density using basis functions shown in a and b, respectively