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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 6 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 6

From: Ground water-induced changes in velocities of P and S waves (Vp and Vs) measured using an accurately controlled seismic source

Fig. 6

Temporal variations in crack density and fluid saturation, converted from those in Vp and Vs. Variations in Vp and Vs are shown as a function of crack density and fluid saturation as per O’Connell and Budiansky (1974), which is shown in h as a base diagram. The green and yellow solid lines show the ratios of Vp and Vs to those of the intact medium, respectively. a–g Shows the variations obtained in our experiment. The plotted region in these figures corresponds to the small rectangle of h, in which we assume the initial velocity ratios for both P and S waves to be 0.6. a–c Show the long-term variations at NU.MIK, N.THNH, and N.MKBH, respectively. d–g Show the short-term changes associated with the rainfall events at NU.MIK. The thin and dotted lines in a–g represent the contours for the value in every 0.01 and 0.005, respectively

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