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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 9 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 9

From: Influence of hydrothermal recharge on the evolution of eruption styles and hazards during the 2018–2019 activity at Kuchinoerabujima Volcano, Japan

Fig. 9

Schematic illustrations showing the sequence of the 2018–2019 eruption at Kuchinoerabujima Volcano. Shallow ascending magma dried up a hydrothermal system beneath the eruption vent (Phase 1). Magmatic eruption occurred during Phase 2. The eruption products contain juvenile (dark circle) and altered materials (white). Continuous ash emission and weak glowing from the crater suggested a sufficiently high temperature for the crater. Edifice inflation paused in Phase 3. Hydrothermal fluid recovered in the shallow edifice. Precipitation of sulfate minerals choked the conduit. Explosive activities with PDCs occurred during Phase 4 due to interaction between magma and hydrothermal fluid

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