Skip to main content
Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: Propagation characteristics of sporadic E and medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs): statistics using HF Doppler and GPS-TEC data in Japan

Fig. 1

Comparison between the data of the Lidar observation and HFD. a Ca+ density enhancement associated with Es layer on August 21–22, 2014 plotted as a function of time and height. The Ca+ density was observed by the scattering Lidar at National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) in Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan (Ejiri et al. 2019). b Comparison between the Ca+ column abundance between 80 and 130 km (blue line) with the HFD amplitude data (black dots) on August 22, 2014. From the top to bottom, Ca+ column abundance, the amplitude data from Sugito, Fujisawa, and Sugadaira are displayed as time series

Back to article page