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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: A confirmation of vertical acoustic resonance and field-aligned current generation just after the 2022 Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption

Fig. 3

Location of the volcano (V), its geomagnetic conjugate point (C), Apia and Honolulu geomagnetic observatories (marked by black circles). Dotted red and blue lines with arrow are schematic presentation of oscillating field-aligned currents and thick green arrows present the direction of magnetic field variation at a certain moment. The blue and red circles present expanding atmospheric waves generated by the eruption. The yellow star marks present the location of the line-of-sight intersection, IPP (ionospheric pierce point) at an altitude of 300 km in the ionosphere to GPS PRN29, PRN23 and PRN18 satellites from the receivers at KOKV (22.126 N, 200.335 E), MKEA (19.801 N, 204.544 E) and SAMO (13.849 S, 188.262 E), respectively. Apex latitudes and longitudes of Apia, Honolulu and the volcano are also presented on the right of the figure. Enlarged maps around Samoa and Hawaii are presented on the left. The blue star symbol indicates the location of geomagnetic conjugate point of the IPP between PRN29 and KOKV at 04:30 UT, (19.8 S, 191.0 E)

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