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Table 4 Parameter estimates and the 2-norm results between the parameter estimates and true values for the first example

From: A method for mixed additive and multiplicative random error models with inequality constraints in geodesy

Parameter

LS

WLS

bcWLS

Algorithm 1

True value

\(\hat{\beta }_{1}\)

10.5236

10.2059

10.2112

10.1353

10

\(\hat{\beta }_{2}\)

− 0.3301

1.3997

1.2223

0.8647

1

\(\hat{\beta }_{3}\)

3.0391

1.5186

1.6319

2.1353

2

\(\hat{\beta }_{4}\)

1.6868

2.0327

2.0121

1.8647

2

\(\left\| \Delta \varvec{\hat{\beta} } \right\|\)

1.7948

0.6595

0.4793

0.2705

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