Fig. 8

Downward component of the lithospheric field at the Earth’s surface expanded up to spherical harmonics degree \(\ell =450\) for the WDMAM model by Lesur et al. (2016) (top left), the Kalmag model (bottom left), and the difference between the WDMAM and the Kalmag model (top right). The color scale for these three maps is displayed below the mean Kalmag solution. Bottom right: standard deviation associated with the Kalmag mean downward component expanded up to \(\ell =100\)