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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 4 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 4

From: An electric circuit model of the Earth’s polar electrojets and field-aligned currents for the estimation of magnetospheric magnetic field from along-track Swarm magnetic data

Fig. 4

Left panels: The Swarm residuals \(\Delta X_\mathrm{sm}\) (thin black) and \(\Delta Z\) (thin orange) along six Swarm A nightside full tracks (see Table 1) and best-fitting signals \(X_\mathrm{sm,MMC}^{(1)}\) (dashed red) and \(Z_{\mathrm{MMC}}^{(1)}\) (dashed blue) over the mid-latitude interval \(I_{_{\mathrm{ML}}}^{10^\circ }\) (vertical dashed violet lines) due the two-circular loop model of MRCs and MICs. Right panels: The differences \(\Delta X_{\mathrm{sm}}-X_\mathrm{sm,MMC}^{(1)}\) (red) and \(\Delta Z-Z_{\mathrm{MMC}}^{(1)}\) (blue) over mid-latitude interval \(I_{_{\mathrm{ML}}}^{10^\circ }\). Here, \(I_{_\mathrm{ML}}^{10^\circ }=(\vartheta _{\mathrm{sm,R_2^n}}+10^\circ , \vartheta _\mathrm{sm,R_2^s}-10^\circ )\), and \(\vartheta _{\mathrm{sm,R_2^n}}\) and \(\vartheta _{\mathrm{sm,R_2^s}}\) are dipole colatitudes of equatorward Region 2 of the northern and southern auroral ovals, respectively

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