Fig. 6

Swarm B TII energy spectra for the horizontal sensor (a) and vertical sensor (b) on 27 January 2014. White lines show the 16 Hz first x-moments averaged to 2 Hz and converted to ion ram energy using Equation 4. Satellite floating potential estimated from the LP (c) is used to estimate the ion ram energies (d) beyond the electrostatic sheath as measured by the horizontal (black) and vertical (blue) sensors. The solar zenith angle at the satellite (e) is used to identify the period of eclipse, and the quasi-dipole magnetic latitude (f) illustrates the position and motion of the satellite in the southern hemisphere