Fig. 1

Location of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana subduction system. Stars represent the four largest, shallow focus, instrumentally located earthquakes in the subduction system. Circles represent locations mentioned in this manuscript. Colored rectangles denote faults from the NOAA SIFT fault model database. The colors represent the fault segments used in this paper: the green segment is the Izu–Bonin segment, the purple segment is the north Mariana, and the orange is the south Mariana segment