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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: Prediction of volcanic ash concentrations in ash clouds from explosive eruptions based on an atmospheric transport model and the Japanese meteorological satellite Himawari-8: a case study for the Kirishima-Shinmoedake eruption on April 4th 2018

Fig. 1

OVAA outputs at 20:30 on April 4, 2018 (UTC), the wind shear strength \(|d{{\varvec{v}}}|/dz\), and the wind shear index. a The total column mass loadings estimated by OVAA. b The top heights estimated by OVAA. The blue arrow shows the ash cloud from the first eruption (18:31UTC), and the red arrow shows the ash cloud from the second eruption (18:45UTC). c Wind shear strength (black line), wind shear index (red line), and estimated ash cloud layer (grey) for Tc=0.6 at N31.970/E131.128 (red cross mark in inset). d Same as c, but for N31.516/E131.733. The red triangles show the location of the Shinmoedake volcano

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