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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 4 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 4

From: Prediction of volcanic ash concentrations in ash clouds from explosive eruptions based on an atmospheric transport model and the Japanese meteorological satellite Himawari-8: a case study for the Kirishima-Shinmoedake eruption on April 4th 2018

Fig. 4

Wind shear index T (red line), the observed ash clouds layers by lidar (grey), and the wind shear strength \(|d{{\varvec{v}}}/dz|\) (black line). a The case for 40.838N/14.183E on July 26, 2001. b The case for 40.333N/18.1E on July 26, 2001. c The case for 40.6N/15.72E on July 25, 2001. d The case for 41.76S/168.15E on June 23, 2011. e The case for 58.0N/68.56W on August 15, 2008. f The case for 56.19N/69.59W on August 15, 2008. g The case for 48.11N/178.64E on June 25, 2009. The cases of a-c, d, e-f and g are for the Mt. Etna eruption in Italy (Wang et al. 2008), the Mt. Cordon eruption in Chile (NASA 2016), the Mt. Kasatochi in Alaska (Prata et al. 2017), and the Mt. Sarychev in Russian (Prata et al. 2017), respectively. h The relationship between the standard deviation (i.e., estimation error) and the empirical parameter \(T_c\)

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