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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 2 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 2

From: New aspects of the upper atmospheric disturbances caused by the explosive eruption of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcano

Fig. 2

Two-dimensional map of the summit platform of the submerged HTHH volcanic edifice. The color bar of the upper left side shows the depth of the sea surface in a unit of meters. The dashed black line indicates a previously undocumented caldera existing 150 to 180 m below the sea surface. The close-up view of the bottom left side represents the detailed locations of the 1988 eruptions (Cronin et al. 2017)

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