Fig. 1From: Simulation study of atmosphere–ionosphere variations driven by the eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai on 15 January 2022Altitude profiles of the neutral atmosphere used in NHM simulations. a Number densities, and b neutral temperature. The profiles are taken from Emmert et al. (2022) using the parameters of HTHH at the time of the volcanic eruptionBack to article page