Fig. 5

Geomagnetic conditions during Event 2. The format is the same as in Fig. 1. a H component of the SYM index from 11th to 16th November 2012. The dashed lines mark the period shown in panels b–g. b Intensity (black) and z component (red) of the interplanetary magnetic field. c Speed of the solar wind. d Density of the solar wind plasma. e Solar wind dynamic pressure. f SuperMAG index upper (black) and lower (red). g North–south keogram from dusk to dawn derived from the digital camera installed in Tromsø, Norway. The white arrows indicate the purple patches. Figure 6 shows the snapshots around this time