Fig. 3.
Determination of optimal lag time by plotting the root mean square (RMS) of the effect that can be explained by the model. (top frame) The F10.7 index is used as a proxy for the bias of the uniform SM field. Best results are obtained when the F10.7 index is delayed by 18 to 22 months. (bottom frame) The model parameterization is optimal when IMF B y is delayed by 35 min and the merging electric field, Em, by 60 min with respect to IMF observations at the bow shock.