Fig. 3

Spacecraft orbit about Venus seen from the north (upper) and from the equatorial plane (lower). Spacecraft positions at every 1 hour are indicated by crosses. The region where the angular diameter of the Venus disk as seen from the spacecraft is smaller than typical camera FOV of 12° and the region where the North pole is visible from the spacecraft are indicated by shades. The limb height seen from the spacecraft is assumed to be 80 km.