Fig. 1

Global positioning system network used in this study. (a) Enlarged map of the rectangle in (b). The circles and diamonds indicate GPS sites operated by Tohoku University, the Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES), the International GNSS Service (IGS), the National Astronomical Observatory (NAO), and the Geospatial Information Authority (GSI), as indicated at the top-left. The epicenters of the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku and 1896 Riku-u earthquakes are indicated by stars in the central and northern parts of the map, respectively. The two rectangles denote the earthquake faults estimated by Ohta et al. (2008a). The displacement profiles shown in Figs. 2(c) and 2(d) are drawn along the long centerline of the gray rectangle. The gray solid lines show the epicentral distance of 35 km and 100 km, respectively.