Fig. 1.

Shinmoe-dake volcano in Kirishima volcano group and sampling sites. (a) Kirishima volcano group in Kyushu island, Japan, together with another Quaternary volcanoes. (b) Shinmoe-dake and another representative volcanoes in Kirishima volcano group including maars and crater lakes, along with major roads. Black squares with numbers indicate sampling sites (Site No. 1–26; also shown Table 1). Sites No. 10 and 11 are shown in (a). For isopleth maps of each event, see Nakada et al. (2013).