Fig. 3.
From: 3D numerical simulation of volcanic eruption clouds during the 2011 Shinmoe-dake eruptions
Cross-sectional distributions of (a) density difference relative to stratified atmospheric density at the same height, Δρ = ρ/ρa − 1, and (b) the temperature difference, ΔT = T − Ta, at 480 s from eruption initiation, where ρa and Ta are atmospheric density and temperature, respectively. Positions of cross-sections are indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2(d). Parameters used and vent conditions are given in Table 1.