Akasofu S-I (1964) The development of the auroral substorm. Planet Space Sci 12:273–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(64)90151-5
Article
Google Scholar
Angelopoulos V (2008) The THEMIS mission. Space Sci Rev 141:5–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9336-1
Article
Google Scholar
Angelopoulos V, Coroniti FV, Kennel CF, Kivelson MG, Walker RJ, Russell CT, McPherron RL, Sanchez E, Meng C-I, Baumjohann W, Reeves GD, Belian RD, Sato N, Friis-Christensen E, Sutcliffe PR, Yumoto K, Harris T (1996) Multipoint analysis of a bursty bulk flow event on April 11, 1985. J Geophys Res 101:4967–4989. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JA02722
Article
Google Scholar
Donovan EF, Mende S, Jackel B, Syrjäsuo M, Meurant M, Voronkov I, Angelopoulos V, Connors M (2006) The azimuthal evolution of the substorm expansive phase onset aurora. In: Syrjäsuo M, Donovan E (eds) Proceedings of international conference on Substorms-8, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, pp 55–60
Dubyagin S, Sergeev V, Apatenkov S, Angelopoulos V, Nakamura R, McFadden J, Larson D, Bonnell J (2010) Pressure and entropy changes in the flow-braking region during magnetic field dipolarization. J Geophys Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015625
Google Scholar
Frey HU (2010) Comment on “Substorm triggering by new plasma intrusion: THEMIS all-sky imager observations” by Y. Nishimura et al. J Geophys Res Space Phys 115:A12232. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016113
Google Scholar
Gallardo-Lacourt B, Nishimura Y, Lyons LR, Ruohoniemi JM, Donovan E, Angelopoulos V, McWilliams KA, Nishitani N (2014a) Ionospheric flow structures associated with auroral beading at substorm auroral onset. J Geophys Res Space Phys 119:9150–9159. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020298
Article
Google Scholar
Gallardo-Lacourt B, Nishimura Y, Lyons LR, Zou S, Angelopoulos V, Donovan E, McWilliams KA, Ruohoniemi JM, Nishitani N (2014b) Coordinated SuperDARN THEMIS ASI observations of mesoscale flow bursts associated with auroral streamers. J Geophys Res Space Phys 119:142–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019245
Article
Google Scholar
Gkioulidou M, Wang C-P, Lyons LR, Wolf RA (2009) Formation of the Harang reversal and its dependence on plasma sheet conditions: rice convection model simulations. J Geophys Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013955
Google Scholar
Haerendel G (2011) Six auroral generators: a review. J Geophys Res Space Phys. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016425
Google Scholar
Henderson MG, Kepko L, Spence HE, Connors M, Sigwarth JB, Frank LA, Singer HJ (2002) The evolution of north–south aligned auroral forms into auroral torch structures: the generation of omega bands and ps6 pulsations via flow bursts. In: Winglee RM (ed) Sixth international conference on substorms. The University of Washington, Seattle, pp 169–174
Henderson MG, Reeves GD, Skoug R, Thomsen MF, Denton MH, Mende SB, Immel TJ, Brandt PC, Singer HJ (2006) Magnetospheric and auroral activity during the 18 April 2002 sawtooth event. J Geophys Res Space Phys 111:A01S90. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011111
Article
Google Scholar
Kim H-J, Lee D-Y, Lyons LR (2008) Are repetitive particle injections during high-speed solar wind streams classic substorms? J Geophys Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012847
Google Scholar
Liou K, Sotirelis T, Richardson I (2017) Substorm occurrence and intensity associated with three types of solar wind structure. J Geophys Res Space Phys. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024451
Google Scholar
Lyons LR, Nishimura Y, Donovan E, Angelopoulos V (2013) Distinction between auroral substorm onset and traditional ground magnetic onset signatures. J Geophys Res Space Phys 118:4080–4092. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50384
Article
Google Scholar
Lyons LR, Gallardo-Lacourt B, Zou S, Weygand JM, Nishimura Y, Li W, Gkioulidou M, Angelopoulos V, Donovan EF, Ruohoniemi JM, Anderson BJ, Shepherd SG, Nishitani N (2016) The 17 March 2013 storm: synergy of observations related to electric field modes and their ionospheric and magnetospheric effects. J Geophys Res Space Phys 121:10880–10897. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023237
Article
Google Scholar
Mende SB, Harris SE, Frey HU, Angelopoulos V, Russell CT, Donovan E, Jackel B, Greffen M, Peticolas LM (2008) The THEMIS array of ground-based observatories for the study of auroral substorms. Space Sci Rev 141:357–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9380-x
Article
Google Scholar
Nakamura R, Baumjohann W, Mouikis C, Kistler LM, Runov A, Volwerk M, Asano Y, Vörös Z, Zhang TL, Klecker B, Rème H, Balogh A (2004) Spatial scale of high-speed flows in the plasma sheet observed by cluster. Geophys Res Lett 31:L09804. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019558
Article
Google Scholar
Nishimura Y, Lyons L, Zou S, Angelopoulos V, Mende S (2010a) Substorm triggering by new plasma intrusion: THEMIS all-sky imager observations. J Geophys Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA015166
Google Scholar
Nishimura Y, Lyons LR, Zou S, Angelopoulos V, Mende SB (2010b) Reply to comment by Harald U. Frey on “Substorm triggering by new plasma intrusion: THEMIS all-sky imager observations”. J Geophys Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016182
Google Scholar
Nishimura Y, Lyons LR, Kikuchi T, Angelopoulos V, Donovan EF, Mende SB, Chi PJ, Nagatsuma T (2013) Reply to comment by Rae et al. on “Formation of substorm Pi2: a coherent response to auroral streamers and currents”. J Geophys Res Space Phys 118:3497–3499. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50333
Article
Google Scholar
Nishimura Y, Lyons LR, Nicolls MJ, Hampton DL, Michell RG, Samara M, Bristow WA, Donovan EF, Spanswick E, Angelopoulos V, Mende SB (2014) Coordinated ionospheric observations indicating coupling between preonset flow bursts and waves that lead to substorm onset. J Geophys Res Space Phys 119:3333–3344. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA019773
Article
Google Scholar
Oguti T (1973) Hydrogen emission and electron aurora at the onset of the auroral breakup. J Geophys Res 78:7543–7547. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA078i031p07543
Article
Google Scholar
Panov EV, Nakamura R, Baumjohann W, Angelopoulos V, Petrukovich AA, Retinò A, Volwerk M, Takada T, Glassmeier K-H, McFadden JP, Larson D (2010) Multiple overshoot and rebound of a bursty bulk flow. Geophys Res Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041971
Google Scholar
Pitkänen T, Aikio AT, Amm O, Kauristie K, Nilsson H, Kaila KU (2011) EISCAT-Cluster observations of quiet-time near-Earth magnetotail fast flows and their signatures in the ionosphere. Ann Geophys 29:299–319. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-299-2011
Article
Google Scholar
Pontius DH, Wolf RA (1990) Transient flux tubes in the terrestrial magnetosphere. Geophys Res Lett 17:49. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i001p00049
Article
Google Scholar
Rae IJ, Murphy KR, Miles DM, Watt CEJ, Mann IR (2013) Comment on “Formation of substorm Pi2: a coherent response to auroral streamers and currents” by Y. Nishimura et al. J Geophys Res Space Phys 118:3488–3496. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50336
Article
Google Scholar
Rostoker G, Lui ATY, Anger CD, Murphree JS (1987) North–south structures in the midnight sector auroras as viewed by the Viking imager. Geophys Res Lett 14:407. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL014i004p00407
Article
Google Scholar
Sakaguchi K, Shiokawa K, Ieda A, Nomura R, Nakajima A, Greffen M, Donovan E, Mann IR, Kim H, Lessard M (2009) Fine structures and dynamics in auroral initial brightening at substorm onsets. Ann Geophys 27:623–630. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-623-2009
Article
Google Scholar
Samson JC, Lyons LR, Newell PT, Creutzberg F, Xu B (1992) Proton aurora and substorm intensifications. Geophys Res Lett 19:2167. https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL02184
Article
Google Scholar
Sergeev VA, Angelopoulos V, Gosling JT, Cattell CA, Russell CT (1996) Detection of localized, plasma-depleted flux tubes or bubbles in the midtail plasma sheet. J Geophys Res Space Phys 101:10817–10826. https://doi.org/10.1029/96JA00460
Article
Google Scholar
Sergeev VA, Liou K, Meng C-I, Newell PT, Brittnacher M, Parks G, Reeves GD (1999) Development of auroral streamers in association with localized impulsive injections to the inner magnetotail. Geophys Res Lett 26:417–420. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998GL900311
Article
Google Scholar
Sergeev VA, Sauvaud J-A, Popescu D, Kovrazhkin RA, Liou K, Newell PT, Brittnacher M, Parks G, Nakamura R, Mukai T, Reeves GD (2000) Multiple-spacecraft observation of a narrow transient plasma jet in the Earth’s plasma sheet. Geophys Res Lett 27:851–854. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL010729
Article
Google Scholar
Sergeev V, Nishimura Y, Kubyshkina M, Angelopoulos V, Nakamura R, Singer H (2012) Magnetospheric location of the equatorward prebreakup arc. J Geophys Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017154
Google Scholar
Tsurutani BT, Gonzalez WD (1987) The cause of high-intensity long-duration continuous AE activity (HILDCAAS)—interplanetary Alfven wave trains. Planet Space Sci 35:405–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(87)90097-3
Article
Google Scholar
Tsurutani BT, Zhou X-Y, Gonzalez WD (2003) A lack of substorm expansion phases during magnetic storms induced by magnetic clouds. In: Sharma AS, Kamide Y, Lakhina GS (eds) Disturbances in geospace. The storm-substorm relationship. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp 23–36
Chapter
Google Scholar
Wolf RA, Chen CX, Toffoletto FR (2012) Thin filament simulations for Earth’s plasma sheet: interchange oscillations. J Geophys Res Space Phys. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016971
Google Scholar
Xing X, Lyons L, Nishimura Y, Angelopoulos V, Larson D, Carlson C, Bonnell J, Auster U (2010) Substorm onset by new plasma intrusion: THEMIS spacecraft observations. J Geophys Res Space Phys. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015528
Google Scholar
Yang J, Toffoletto FR, Wolf RA, Sazykin S (2011) RCM-E simulation of ion acceleration during an idealized plasma sheet bubble injection. J Geophys Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016346
Google Scholar
Yang J, Toffoletto FR, Wolf RA (2014) RCM-E simulation of a thin arc preceded by a north-south-aligned auroral streamer. Geophys Res Lett 41:2695–2701. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059840
Article
Google Scholar
Zesta E, Lyons L, Donovan E (2000) The auroral signature of earthward flow bursts observed in the magnetotail. Geophys Res Lett 27:3241–3244
Article
Google Scholar
Zesta E, Donovan E, Lyons L, Enno G, Murphree J, Cogger L (2002) Two-dimensional structure of auroral poleward boundary intensifications. J Geophys Res Space Phys. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA000260
Google Scholar
Zesta E, Lyons L, Wang C-P, Donovan E, Frey H, Nagai T (2006) Auroral poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs): their two-dimensional structure and associated dynamics in the plasma sheet. J Geophys Res Space Phys 111:A05201. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010640
Article
Google Scholar
Zou S, Lyons LR, Nicolls MJ, Heinselman CJ, Mende SB (2009) Nightside ionospheric electrodynamics associated with substorms: PFISR and THEMIS ASI observations. J Geophys Res Space Phys. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014259
Google Scholar