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Different from the Apollo flight mode, a safer trans-lunar flight mode for the crews is preferred. The previous-arrived lunar module rendezvouses with the crew exploration vehicle at a low lunar destination or...
The X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emitted during solar flares can rapidly change the physical composition of Earth’s ionosphere, causing space weather phenomena. It is important to develop an accurate u...
Sample-return missions allow the study of materials collected directly from celestial bodies, unbiased by atmospheric entry effects and/or terrestrial alteration and contamination phenomena, using state-of-the...
The most important aim in interpreting an oblique ionogram is to obtain the accurate Junction Frequencies (JFs) of the ordinary (O) and extraordinary (X) mode. This requires the correct identification of O- an...
Plasma particles and waves are important observation targets in space plasmas for understanding the mechanisms of energy and momentum transfer between waves and particles because space plasmas are essentially ...
We have devoted efforts to the development and performance evaluation of new low-cost ionospheric instruments for studies that require distributed observations and for educational and citizen science initiativ...
Neutral thermospheric density is an essential quantity required for precise orbit determination of satellites, collision avoidance of satellites, re-entry prediction of satellites or space debris, and satellit...
The density of the solar wind plasma near the Earth’s magnetosphere sometimes decreases to only several per cent of the usual value, and such density extrema result in a significant reduction of the dynamic pr...
In this study, we have investigated the ionospheric responses on the August 2017 solar eclipse event by using a three-dimensional tomography algorithm with the ground-based GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Sy...
Spectral Resonance Structures (SRS) of Ionospheric Alfven Resonator (IAR) are investigated by analysing the magnetic field data of a high sampling frequency induction coil magnetometer, installed at a low lati...
Based on the high-precision vector magnetic field data of Swarm A and C satellites, we perform a statistical analysis of the diurnal and longitudinal variations of the ionospheric radial current (IRC) in the F...
Ionospheric irregularities have been studied since ~ 70 years ago. With the development of Global Navigation Satellite system (GNSS), networks of GNSS receivers have been used to obtain the characteristics of ...
Predicting geomagnetic conditions based on in-situ solar wind observations allows us to evade disasters caused by large electromagnetic disturbances originating from the Sun to save lives and protect economic ...
This study, for the first time, reports the geomagnetically conjugate structure of a plasma bubble extending to the mid-latitudes and the asymmetrical structure of the decay of the plasma bubble during a geoma...
The possible occurrence of major space weather events, such as large solar flares within one hundred years, is studied anticipating their effects on our social facilities. However, the continuous soft X-ray (S...
Current methods for estimating ion density on Swarm rely on the assumption of 100% O + and no along-track ion velocity flows. These assumptions are routinely violated, particularly on the nightside and during ...
We perform an electromagnetic particle simulation of triggered emissions in a uniform magnetic field for understanding of nonlinear wave–particle interaction in the vicinity of the magnetic equator. A finite l...
The responses of two High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) events are investigated using solar wind observations at L1, magnetospheric measurements at geosynchronous orbit, and changes...
Observations and theoretical analysis on the night-time mid-latitude ionospheric irregularities support the postulation of frequently coupled E and F regions. In this paper, we attempt at asserting this notion...
The preliminary impulse of the sudden commencement is simply explained by the generation of the compressional wave due to sudden compression of the dayside magnetopause and mode conversion from the compression...
In this paper, we present the D-region ionospheric response during the lifespan (10–19 December 2020) of a severe category 5 tropical cyclone (TC) Yasa in the South Pacific by using the very low frequency (VLF...
Very low frequency (VLF) waves (about 3–30 kHz) in the Earth’s magnetosphere interact strongly with energetic electrons and are a key element in controlling dynamics of the Van Allen radiation belts. Bistatic ...
The Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) data provided by the Fengyun-3C (FY-3C) mission during January 2015 to December 2019 are used to detect the existence of sporadic E (Es) layers over t...
Atomic oxygen (O) and atomic hydrogen (H) in the mesopause region are critical species, governing chemistry, airglow, and energy budget. However, they cannot be directly measured by satellite remote sensing te...
Any disturbance of the ionosphere may affect operational activities based on HF communication. The electron density is a critical parameter that controls levels of HF-signal absorption. A significant part of t...
Data from three all-sky cameras in Kiruna and Tjautjas (Sweden) were used to estimate the altitude of pulsating arc-like forms using optical tomography. The event under consideration occurred during the substo...
Very low frequency wave intensity variations measured by the Kannuslehto station, Finland in the frequency range 0–12 kHz between 2016 and 2020 are analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA). As the an...
The ionosphere exhibits some characteristic perturbations during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events, of which the mechanism is not thoroughly understood. This study focuses on the latitudinal and interh...
Wave–particle interactions are fundamental processes in space plasma, and some plasma waves, including electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs), are recognised as broadband noises (BBNs) in the electric field spect...
A spectrogram of Power Line Harmonic Radiation (PLHR) consists of a set of lines with frequency spacing corresponding exactly to 50 or 60 Hz. It is distinct from a spectrogram of Magnetospheric Line Radiation ...
We conduct electromagnetic particle simulations to examine the applicability of nonlinear wave growth theory to the generation process of plasmaspheric hiss. We firstly vary the gradient of the background magn...
We investigate the maximum expected magnitudes of the geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in the Czech transmission power network. We compute a model utilising the Lehtinen–Pirjola method, considering the ...
Using the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) data from ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers in Japan, we compared ionospheric responses to five explosive volcanic eruptions 20...
In this paper, we perform the numerical modelling of lower-band VLF chorus in the earth’s magnetosphere. Assuming parallel propagation the 1d3v code has one spatial dimension z along the ambient magnetic field...
The S4max data retrieved from the Constellation Observing System for the Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation (RO) measurements during 2007 to 2015 is adopted to investigate the glob...
The global amplitude of the westward propagating quasi-16-day waves (16DW) with wavenumber 1 (Q16W1), the strongest component of 16DW, are derived from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ER...
Poloidal–toroidal magnetic field decomposition is a useful application of the Mie representation and the decomposition method enables us to determine the current density observationally and unambiguously in th...
The ionosphere is one of the important sources for magnetospheric plasma, particularly for heavy ions with low charge states. We investigate the effect of solar illumination on the number flux of ion outflow u...
Using numerical filtering techniques allowing us to reduce noise from sferics, we are able to clearly study a new type of differently structured very low frequency (VLF) radio waves above f = 4 kHz at the grou...
Discovering such structures as the third radiation belt (or “storage ring”) has been a major observational achievement of the NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes program (renamed the “Van Allen Probes” mission in...
Large-amplitude geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are the natural consequences of the solar–terrestrial connection triggered by solar eruptions. The threat of severe damage of power grids due to the GICs...
Although solar activity may significantly impact the global environment and socioeconomic systems, the mechanisms for solar eruptions and the subsequent processes have not yet been fully understood. Thus, mode...
The east–west component of magnetic field variation (∆D-component) at Davao station (Philippines, geomagnetic latitude: – 2.22˚N) are used to investigate the characteristics of the long-term Inter-Hemispheric Fie...
Van Allen Probes in situ observations are used to examine detailed subpacket structure observed in strong VLF (very low frequency) rising-tone chorus elements observed at the time of a rapid MeV electron energ...
It has been suggested that ion foreshock waves originating in the solar wind upstream of the quasi-parallel (Q-||) shock can impact the planetary magnetosphere leading to standing shear Alfvén waves, i.e., the fi...
We study the influence of real structure of electromagnetic ion-cyclotron wave packets in the Earth’s radiation belts on precipitation of relativistic electrons. Automatic algorithm is used to distinguish isol...
This paper demonstrates and assesses the capability of the advanced three-dimensional (3-D) ionosphere tomography technique, during severe conditions. The study area is northeast Asia and quasi-Japan-centred. ...
The variable electromagnetic environment in geospace plays a crucial role in influencing the occurrence probability of satellite anomalies. FORMOSAT-3 (FS3) is a Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) mission, which consists o...
We have developed ISEE_Wave (Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University - Plasma Wave Analysis Tool), an interactive plasma wave analysis tool for electric and magnetic field waveforms...
The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:125
We surveyed the relationship between the scale of space weather events and their occurrence rate in Japan, and we discussed the social impact of these phenomena during the Project for Solar–Terrestrial Environ...
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