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  1. Earth’s internal magnetic field is generated through motion of the electrically conductive iron-alloy fluid comprising its outer core. Temporal variability of this magnetic field, termed secular variation (SV)...

    Authors: Maurits C. Metman, Ciarán D. Beggan, Philip W. Livermore and Jonathan E. Mound
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:149
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  2. The formation of aggregates consisting of snow, water, and tephra has been reported in small-scale experiments on three-phase flows containing tephra, water, and snow, representing lahars triggered by snowmelt...

    Authors: Hirofumi Niiya, Kenichi Oda, Daisuke Tsuji and Hiroaki Katsuragi
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:148
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  3. In this study, we have derived field-aligned currents (FACs) from magnetometers onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Project (DMSP) satellites. The magnetic latitude versus local time distribution of F...

    Authors: Chao Xiong, Claudia Stolle, Patrick Alken and Jan Rauberg
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:147
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  4. The technique of spherical elementary current systems (SECS) is a powerful way to determine ionospheric and field-aligned currents (FAC) from magnetic field measurements made by low-Earth-orbiting satellites, ...

    Authors: Heikki Vanhamäki, Astrid Maute, Patrick Alken and Huixin Liu
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:146
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  5. We present detailed maps of local-scale 3D deformation preceding the 2018 phreatic eruption at Iwo-yama volcano (south of Kyushu Island, Japan), using a combination of airborne and spaceborne Interferometric S...

    Authors: Shohei Narita, Taku Ozawa, Yosuke Aoki, Masanobu Shimada, Masato Furuya, Youichiro Takada and Makoto Murakami
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:145
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  6. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence on April 14 (Mw 6.2) and April 16 (Mw 7.0) altered the regional groundwater level. To better understand the relationship between groundwater level change and surface displace...

    Authors: Kazuya Ishitsuka, Takeshi Tsuji, Weiren Lin, Makoto Kagabu and Jun Shimada
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:144
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  7. Obtaining horizontal edges and the buried depths of geological bodies, using potential field tensor data directly is an outstanding question. The largest eigenvalue of the structure tensor is one of the common...

    Authors: Yuan Yuan, Xiangyu Zhang, Wenna Zhou, Guochao Wu and Weidong Luo
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:143
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  9. We propose a normal-stress-dependent Nagata law. Nagata et al. (J Geophys Res 117:B02314, 2012) revised the rate- and state-dependent friction law by introducing the shear stress dependence. We further extende...

    Authors: Shingo Yoshida, Takuto Maeda and Naoyuki Kato
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:141
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  10. This paper used the similarities between the ionospheres on Mars and Earth, the most similar of the terrestrial planets, to examine the relative importance of photochemical and transport processes at dawn and ...

    Authors: Angeline G. Burrell, Beatriz Sánchez-Cano, Olivier Witasse, Mark Lester and Marco Cartacci
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:140
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  11. The impedance tensor and tipper are shown to be non-causal in some classes of 2-D and 3-D magnetotelluric (MT) models, including those widely encountered off shore. At the same time, examination of a large dat...

    Authors: Nikita Zorin, Dmitry Alekseev, Dmitrii Epishkin, Hisayoshi Shimizu, Denis Yakovlev and Sergey Zaytsev
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:139
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  12. Recent increases in global temperature have stimulated permafrost degradation associated with landform deformation caused by the melting of excess ground ice (thermokarst). Central Yakutia is underlain by ice-...

    Authors: Takahiro Abe, Go Iwahana, Petr V. Efremov, Alexey R. Desyatkin, Takumi Kawamura, Alexander Fedorov, Yuri Zhegusov, Kazuki Yanagiya and Takeo Tadono
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:138
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  13. Site-dependent bulk permittivities of the lunar uppermost media with thicknesses of tens to hundreds meters were estimated based on the data from Lunar Radar Sounder onboard the Selenological and Engineering E...

    Authors: Keigo Hongo, Hiroaki Toh and Atsushi Kumamoto
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:137
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:55

  14. We have submitted a secular variation (SV) candidate model for the thirteenth generation of International Geomagnetic Reference Field model (IGRF-13) using a data assimilation scheme and a magnetohydrodynamic ...

    Authors: Takuto Minami, Shin’ya Nakano, Vincent Lesur, Futoshi Takahashi, Masaki Matsushima, Hisayoshi Shimizu, Ryosuke Nakashima, Hinami Taniguchi and Hiroaki Toh
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:136
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  16. Improving the ability to detect and characterize long-duration volcanic tremor is crucial to understand the long-term dynamics and unrest of volcanic systems. We have applied data reduction methods (permutatio...

    Authors: Ivan Melchor, Javier Almendros, Roberto Carniel, Kostas I. Konstantinou, Marcia Hantusch and Alberto Caselli
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:134
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  17. We developed universal sample holders [the Kochi grid, Kochi clamp, and Okazaki cell) and a transfer vessel (facility-to-facility transfer container (FFTC)] to analyze sensitive and fragile samples, such as ex...

    Authors: Motoo Ito, Naotaka Tomioka, Kentaro Uesugi, Masayuki Uesugi, Yu Kodama, Ikuya Sakurai, Ikuo Okada, Takuji Ohigashi, Hayato Yuzawa, Akira Yamaguchi, Naoya Imae, Yuzuru Karouji, Naoki Shirai, Toru Yada and Masanao Abe
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:133
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

  19. We applied differential InSAR analysis to the Shiretoko Peninsula, northeastern Hokkaido, Japan. All the interferograms of long temporal baseline (~ 3 years) processed from SAR data of three L-band satellites ...

    Authors: Youichiro Takada and George Motono
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:131
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  20. We have identified “N”-shaped Y/X amplitude spectral ratios in S-coda records from a significant number of OBSs (ocean bottom seismometers) belonging to in-line-type ocean bottom networks of S-net and ETMC dep...

    Authors: Kaoru Sawazaki and Takeshi Nakamura
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:130
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  21. In the Earth’s inner magnetosphere, there exist regions like plasmasphere, ring current, and radiation belts, where the population of charged particles trapped along the magnetic field lines is more. These par...

    Authors: Pankaj K. Soni, Bharati Kakad and Amar Kakad
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:129
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  22. To improve our understanding of the long-term behavior of low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) along the tremor belt of the Nankai subduction zone, we applied a matched filter technique to continuous seismic data ...

    Authors: Aitaro Kato and Shigeki Nakagawa
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:128
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  24. National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) integrated the land observation networks established since the 1995 Kobe earthquake with the seafloor observation networks establish...

    Authors: Shin Aoi, Youichi Asano, Takashi Kunugi, Takeshi Kimura, Kenji Uehira, Narumi Takahashi, Hideki Ueda, Katsuhiko Shiomi, Takumi Matsumoto and Hiroyuki Fujiwara
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:126
    Content type: Frontier letter Published on:

  26. Statistical distributions are investigated for magnetic storms, sudden commencements (SCs), and substorms to identify the possible amplitude of the one in 100-year and 1000-year events from a limited data set ...

    Authors: Ryuho Kataoka
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:124
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  27. We analyze the regional tsunami hazard along the Sea of Japan coast associated with 60 active faults beneath the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan. We generate stochastic slip distribution using a Monte Carlo...

    Authors: Iyan E. Mulia, Takeo Ishibe, Kenji Satake, Aditya Riadi Gusman and Satoko Murotani
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:123
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  28. The importance of the investigation of magnetic superstorms is not limited to academic interest, because these superstorms can cause catastrophic impact on the modern civilisation due to our increasing depende...

    Authors: Hisashi Hayakawa, José R. Ribeiro, Yusuke Ebihara, Ana P. Correia and Mitsuru Sôma
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:122
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  29. Although fluid behavior along faults has often been associated with earthquakes and hydrocarbon accumulation, few observations of active, ongoing fluid discharge along the faults exist. We conducted a dense-2D...

    Authors: Tetsuro Tsuru, Jin-Oh Park, Kazuo Amakasu, Tetsuo No, Kohsaku Arai, Takahiko Inoue, Seishiro Furuyama, Keiichi Uchida and Yasuyuki Nakamura
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:121
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  30. Red clay widely occupies the seafloor of pelagic environments in middle latitudes, and potentially preserves long paleoceanographic records. We conducted a rock-magnetic study of Pacific Ocean red clay to eluc...

    Authors: Toshitsugu Yamazaki, Wei Fu, Takaya Shimono and Yoichi Usui
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:120
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  31. Interferograms pertaining to large earthquakes typically reveal the occurrence of elastic deformations caused by the earthquake along with several complex surface displacements. In this study, we identified di...

    Authors: Satoshi Fujiwara, Takayuki Nakano and Yu Morishita
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:119
    Content type: Frontier letter Published on:

  33. We determined focal mechanism solutions of microearthquakes and examined the stress field in the low-seismicity region from southern Hokkaido to eastern Aomori, NE Japan. The stress fields determined in this s...

    Authors: Sumire Maeda, Toru Matsuzawa, Tomomi Okada, Hiroshi Katao, Takeyoshi Yoshida, Masahiro Kosuga and Makoto Otsubo
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:117
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  34. Coeruptive deformation helps to interpret physical processes associated with volcanic eruptions. Because phreatic eruptions cause small, localized coeruptive deformation, we sometimes fail to identify plausibl...

    Authors: Yuji Himematsu, Taku Ozawa and Yosuke Aoki
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:116
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  35. The GCOM-C (SHIKISAI) satellite was developed to understand the mechanisms of global climate change. The second-generation global imager (SGLI) onboard GCOM-C is an optical sensor observing wavelengths from 38...

    Authors: Takayuki Kaneko, Atsushi Yasuda, Kenji Takasaki, Shun Nakano, Toshitsugu Fujii, Yoshiaki Honda, Kouji Kajiwara and Hiroshi Murakami
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:115
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  36. Deep-sea turbidites have been utilized to understand the history of past large earthquakes. Surface-sediment remobilization is considered to be a mechanism for the initiation of earthquake-induced turbidity cu...

    Authors: Ken Ikehara, Kazuko Usami and Toshiya Kanamatsu
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:114
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  37. We present the results of the first series of successful two-way laser ranging experiments from a ground station, the Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) station in Grasse, France, to a spacecraft at lunar distance, the...

    Authors: Erwan Mazarico, Xiaoli Sun, Jean-Marie Torre, Clément Courde, Julien Chabé, Mourad Aimar, Hervé Mariey, Nicolas Maurice, Michael K. Barker, Dandan Mao, Daniel R. Cremons, Sébastien Bouquillon, Teddy Carlucci, Vishnu Viswanathan, Frank G. Lemoine, Adrien Bourgoin…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:113
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  38. Nishinoshima is an active oceanic island arc volcano situated approximately 1000 km south of Tokyo, Japan. Since 2016, marine electromagnetic observations using ocean bottom electromagnetometers have been cond...

    Authors: Kiyoshi Baba, Noriko Tada, Hiroshi Ichihara, Yozo Hamano, Hiroko Sugioka, Takao Koyama, Akimichi Takagi and Minoru Takeo
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:112
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  39. We investigate the longitudinal structure of the oxygen torus in the inner magnetosphere for a specific event found on 12 September 2017, using simultaneous observations from the Van Allen Probe B and Arase sa...

    Authors: M. Nosé, A. Matsuoka, A. Kumamoto, Y. Kasahara, M. Teramoto, S. Kurita, J. Goldstein, L. M. Kistler, S. Singh, A. Gololobov, K. Shiokawa, S. Imajo, S. Oimatsu, K. Yamamoto, Y. Obana, M. Shoji…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:111
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  41. The objective of this contribution is to get new insights into the effects of magnetic field variations of natural and anthropogenic origin on broad-band seismic stations. Regarding natural sources of magnetic...

    Authors: J. Díaz, M. Ruiz, J. J. Curto, J. M. Torta, J. Ledo, A. Marcuello and P. Queralt
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:109
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  42. Several laboratory experimental studies of photoemission characteristics of rocks as they fracture have been conducted to elucidate the mechanism of earthquake lightning (EQL). In most of these studies, granit...

    Authors: Yuji Enomoto, Tsuneaki Yamabe, Kazuyuki Mizuhara, Shigeki Sugiura and Hitoshi Kondo
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:108
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  43. Brine samples from the wells in the Kashio mineral spring (an “Arima-type” hot spring at Ooshika-Mura, central Japan) were analyzed to determine the original chemical and isotopic compositions of the deep brin...

    Authors: Fumitake Kusuhara, Kohei Kazahaya, Noritoshi Morikawa, Masaya Yasuhara, Hidemi Tanaka, Masaaki Takahashi and Yuki Tosaki
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:107
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  44. We examined how much large-scale and localized upward and downward currents contribute to the substorm current wedge (SCW), and how they evolve over time, using the THEMIS all-sky imagers (ASIs) and ground mag...

    Authors: Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, C. Gabrielse, J. M. Weygand, E. F. Donovan and V. Angelopoulos
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:106
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  45. Spatial gradients in the primary geomagnetic fields directly contribute to both the amplitudes and phases of inter-station transfer functions (IS-TFs). This suggests that, for the analysis of subsurface resist...

    Authors: Shinya Sato, Tada-nori Goto and Katsuaki Koike
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:105
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  46. The phreatomagmatic eruption at Aso volcano on October 8, 2016, released PDC and fallout up to 320 km from the vent, providing an opportunity to study the dispersal and sedimentation of tephra bearing wet and ...

    Authors: Tomohiro Tsuji, Naoki Nishizaka and Kozo Ohnishi
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:104
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  47. Reconstruction of the eruption history of an active volcano is necessary to elucidate its volcanic activity and to assess the probability of its volcanic eruption. Yokodake volcano in central Japan is the only...

    Authors: Hiroya Nitta, Takeshi Saito and Yorinao Shitaoka
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:103
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:127

  49. An inclusive rock-magnetic and absolute paleointensity survey of the ~ 2-ka-old Xitle volcano (southerly Basin of Mexico) was undertaken to assess the faithfulness of the paleomagnetic log carried by fresh, wi...

    Authors: Juan Morales, Nayeli Pérez-Rodríguez, Avto Goguitchaichvili and Miguel Cervantes-Solano
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:101
    Content type: Full paper Published on:
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