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  1. High-resolution Moho and lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary depth models for Vietnam and its surrounding areas are determined based on a recently released geoid model constructed from surface and satellite gra...

    Authors: Dinh Toan Vu, Sylvain Bonvalot, Sean Bruinsma and Luyen K. Bui
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:92
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  2. In the coupled electric interaction of rock fractures and gas invasion, that is, when gases interact with newly created crack surfaces, the unpaired electrons within the rock crystal defects are thermally stim...

    Authors: Yuji Enomoto, Tsuneaki Yamabe, Shigeki Sugiura and Hitoshi Kondo
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:90
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:185

    The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:149

  3. Lateral spatial variations of weak portions at the plate boundary in subduction zones have been estimated primarily by the distribution of slow earthquakes mainly occurring around seismogenic zones. However, t...

    Authors: Takashi Tonegawa, Toshinori Kimura, Kazuya Shiraishi, Suguru Yabe, Yoshio Fukao, Eiichiro Araki, Masataka Kinoshita, Yoshinori Sanada, Seiichi Miura, Yasuyuki Nakamura and Shuichi Kodaira
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:89
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:104

  4. Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in a quasi-meridional power transmission line on the Kola Peninsula are analyzed during the intervals of Pc5/Pi3 (frequency range from 1.5 to 5 mHz) pulsations recorded ...

    Authors: Nadezda V Yagova, Vyacheslav A Pilipenko, Yaroslav A Sakharov and Vasily N Selivanov
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:88
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  5. The number of satellites equipped with retroreflectors dedicated to Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) increases simultaneously with the development and invention of the spherical geodetic satellites, low Earth orb...

    Authors: Dariusz Strugarek, Krzysztof Sośnica, Daniel Arnold, Adrian Jäggi, Radosław Zajdel and Grzegorz Bury
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:87
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  6. The geometries (i.e., dip angles) of active faults from the surface to the seismogenic zone are the most important factors used to evaluate earthquake ground motion, which is crucial for seismic hazard assessm...

    Authors: Hayami Nishiwaki, Takamoto Okudaira, Kazuhiko Ishii and Muneki Mitamura
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:86
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  7. The eastward- and westward-traveling 10-day waves with zonal wavenumbers up to 6 from surface to the middle mesosphere during the recent 12 years from 2007 to 2018 are deduced from MERRA-2 data. On the basis o...

    Authors: Chunming Huang, Wei Li, Shaodong Zhang, Gang Chen, Kaiming Huang and Yun Gong
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:85
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  8. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Takane Hori, Ryoichiro Agata, Tsuyoshi Ichimura, Kohei Fujita, Takuma Yamaguchi and Takeshi Iinuma
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:84
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:41

  10. Crustal architecture strongly influences the development and emplacement of mineral zones. In this study, we image the crustal structure beneath a metallogenic belt and its surroundings in the Bayankhongor are...

    Authors: Matthew J. Comeau, Michael Becken, Alexey V. Kuvshinov and Sodnomsambuu Demberel
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:82
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  11. Direct sampling and analysis of fumarolic gas was conducted at Ebinokogen Ioyama volcano, Japan, between December 2015 and July 2020. Notable changes in the chemical composition of gases related to volcanic ac...

    Authors: Takeshi Ohba, Muga Yaguchi, Urumu Tsunogai, Masanori Ito and Ryo Shingubara
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:81
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  12. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, volcanic unrest has occurred every 2–5 years at Hakone volcano. After the 2015 eruption, unrest activity changed significantly in terms of seismicity and geoche...

    Authors: Kazutaka Mannen, Yuki Abe, Yasushi Daita, Ryosuke Doke, Masatake Harada, George Kikugawa, Naoki Honma, Yuji Miyashita and Yohei Yukutake
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:80
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  13. X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions from solar flares rapidly change the physical composition of the Earth’s thermosphere and ionosphere, thereby causing space weather phenomena such as communicatio...

    Authors: Shohei Nishimoto, Kyoko Watanabe, Toshiki Kawai, Shinsuke Imada and Tomoko Kawate
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:79
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  14. We present first results for the determination of UT1-UTC using the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS). During December 2019 through February 2020, a series of 1 h long observing sessions were performed using...

    Authors: Rüdiger Haas, Eskil Varenius, Saho Matsumoto and Matthias Schartner
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:78
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  15. Speleothems are ideal archives of environmental magnetism and paleomagnetism, since they retain continuous magnetic signals in stable conditions and can be used for reliable radiometric dating using U-series a...

    Authors: Naoto Fukuyo, Hirokuni Oda, Yusuke Yokoyama, Geoffrey Clark and Yuhji Yamamoto
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:77
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  16. Magnetotelluric (MT) data processing can increase the reliability of measured data. Traditional MT data denoising methods are usually applied to entire MT time-series, which results in the loss of useful MT si...

    Authors: Xian Zhang, Jin Li, Diquan Li, Yong Li, Bei Liu and Yanfang Hu
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:76
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  17. Late Quaternary tectonic deformation of coastal areas is usually examined based on the height distribution of paleo-shorelines observed on marine terraces. However, it is difficult to examine deformation along...

    Authors: Hideaki Goto
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:75
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  18. Tsunami hazard in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin (EMB) has attracted attention following three tsunamis in this basin since 2017 namely the July 2017 and October 2020 Turkey/Greece and the May 2020 offshore C...

    Authors: Mohammad Heidarzadeh and Aditya Riadi Gusman
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:74
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  19. We use 20 years of continuous magnetic field measurements from the Ørsted, CHAMP and Swarm satellite missions, supplemented by calibrated platform magnetometer data from the CryoSat-2 satellite, to study time var...

    Authors: Magnus D. Hammer, Christopher C. Finlay and Nils Olsen
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:73
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  20. A tsunami earthquake is an earthquake event that generates abnormally high tsunami waves considering the amplitude of the seismic waves. These abnormally high waves relative to the seismic wave amplitude are r...

    Authors: Akio Katsumata, Masayuki Tanaka and Takahito Nishimiya
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:72
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  21. In geodesy, a key application of data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO), and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) is an interpretation of changes in polar motion exc...

    Authors: Justyna Śliwińska, Jolanta Nastula and Małgorzata Wińska
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:71
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  24. We study the effects of combination on the observation level (COL) of different space-geodetic techniques and of networks of the same technique and present the corresponding improvement for the determination o...

    Authors: Periklis-Konstantinos Diamantidis, Grzegorz Kłopotek and Rüdiger Haas
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:68
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  25. This study presents results of mapping three-dimensional (3-D) variations of the electrical conductivity in depths ranging from 400 to 1200 km using 6 years of magnetic data from the Swarm and CryoSat-2 satellite...

    Authors: Alexey Kuvshinov, Alexander Grayver, Lars Tøffner-Clausen and Nils Olsen
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:67
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:94

  27. The parameterization of the magnetospheric field contribution, generated by currents flowing in the magnetosphere is of major importance for the analysis of Mercury’s internal magnetic field. Using a combinati...

    Authors: S. Toepfer, Y. Narita, K. -H. Glassmeier, D. Heyner, P. Kolhey, U. Motschmann and B. Langlais
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:65
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  28. We developed an operational solar flare prediction model using deep neural networks, named Deep Flare Net (DeFN). DeFN can issue probabilistic forecasts of solar flares in two categories, such as ≥ M-class and...

    Authors: Naoto Nishizuka, Yûki Kubo, Komei Sugiura, Mitsue Den and Mamoru Ishii
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:64
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  29. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a new method that measures the strain change along a fiber-optic cable and has emerged as a promising geophysical application across a wide range of research and monitorin...

    Authors: Satoshi Ide, Eiichiro Araki and Hiroyuki Matsumoto
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:63
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  30. This paper describes and discusses the preprocessing and calibration of the magnetic data taken by the navigational magnetometers onboard the two GRACE satellites, with focus on the almost 10 years period from...

    Authors: Nils Olsen
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:62
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  31. In the present work, we evaluate the accuracy of the Solar Quiet Reference Field (SQRF) model for estimating and predicting the geomagnetic solar quiet (Sq) daily field variation in the South America Magnetic ...

    Authors: Sony Su Chen, Clezio Marcos Denardini, Láysa Cristina Araujo Resende, Ronan Arraes Jardim Chagas, Juliano Moro, Régia Pereira da Silva, Carolina de Sousa do Carmo and Giorgio Arlan da Silva Picanço
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:61
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  32. Propagation of medium-scale gravity waves (GWs) in the thermosphere/ionosphere is observed remotely, using multi-frequency and multi-point continuous Doppler sounding system located in the western part of Czec...

    Authors: Jaroslav Chum, Kateřina Podolská, Jan Rusz, Jiří Baše and Nikolai Tedoradze
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:60
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  33. Slip phenomena on plate interfaces reflect the heterogeneous physical properties of the slip plane and, thus, exhibit a wide variety of slip velocities and rupture propagation behaviors. Recent findings on slo...

    Authors: Keita Nakamoto, Yoshihiro Hiramatsu, Takahiko Uchide and Kazutoshi Imanishi
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:59
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:98

  34. It is widely recognised that filament disappearances or eruptions are frequently associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Since CMEs are a major source of disturbances of the space environment surroundin...

    Authors: Daikichi Seki, Kenichi Otsuji, Takako T. Ishii, Ayumi Asai and Kiyoshi Ichimoto
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:58
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  35. A solar energetic particle (SEP) event generates a shower of secondary generated particles in the Earth’s atmosphere down to lower altitudes to cause an atmospheric radiation storm (ARS). The high-energy secon...

    Authors: Susumu Saito, Navinda Kithmal Wickramasinghe, Tatsuhiko Sato and Daikou Shiota
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:57
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  38. We present geomagnetic main field and secular variation time series, at 300 equal-area distributed locations and at 490 km altitude, derived from magnetic field measurements collected by the three Swarm satellite...

    Authors: Magnus D. Hammer, Grace A. Cox, William J. Brown, Ciarán D. Beggan and Christopher C. Finlay
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:54
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  39. In the radargram obtained by the high-frequency lunar penetrating radar onboard the Chang’E-3 mission, we notice a potential subsurface cavity that has a smaller permittivity compared to the surrounding materi...

    Authors: Chunyu Ding, Zhiyong Xiao and Yan Su
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:53
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  40. Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is one of the key parameters for users of radio-based systems, such as the Global Navigation Satellite System, high-frequency communication systems, and space-based rem...

    Authors: Michi Nishioka, Susumu Saito, Chihiro Tao, Daikou Shiota, Takuya Tsugawa and Mamoru Ishii
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:52
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  41. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission carries magnetometers that are dedicated to enhance the satellite’s navigation. After appropriate calibration and characterisation of ar...

    Authors: C. Stolle, I. Michaelis, C. Xiong, M. Rother, Th. Usbeck, Y. Yamazaki, J. Rauberg and K. Styp-Rekowski
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:51
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  43. In December 2019, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the thirteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). T...

    Authors: P. Alken, E. Thébault, C. D. Beggan, H. Amit, J. Aubert, J. Baerenzung, T. N. Bondar, W. J. Brown, S. Califf, A. Chambodut, A. Chulliat, G. A. Cox, C. C. Finlay, A. Fournier, N. Gillet, A. Grayver…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:49
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  44. In December 2019, the 13th revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) was released by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group V-MOD. Thi...

    Authors: P. Alken, E. Thébault, C. D. Beggan, J. Aubert, J. Baerenzung, W. J. Brown, S. Califf, A. Chulliat, G. A. Cox, C. C. Finlay, A. Fournier, N. Gillet, M. D. Hammer, M. Holschneider, G. Hulot, M. Korte…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:48
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

  45. We have produced a 5-year mean secular variation (SV) of the geomagnetic field for the period 2020–2025. We use the NASA Geomagnetic Ensemble Modeling System (GEMS), which consists of the NASA Goddard geodynam...

    Authors: Andrew Tangborn, Weijia Kuang, Terence J. Sabaka and Ce Yi
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:47
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  46. The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model is a combination of the several models developed by independent groups of scientists using different approaches for the selection of input data and me...

    Authors: Valeriy G. Petrov and Tatyana N. Bondar
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:46
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  47. Using magnetic field data from the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) mission, we derive a global geomagnetic field model, which we call the CSES Global Geomagnetic Field Model (CGGM). This model de...

    Authors: Yanyan Yang, Gauthier Hulot, Pierre Vigneron, Xuhui Shen, Zeren Zhima, Bin Zhou, Werner Magnes, Nils Olsen, Lars Tøffner-Clausen, Jianpin Huang, Xuemin Zhang, Shigeng Yuan, Lanwei Wang, Bingjun Cheng, Andreas Pollinger, Roland Lammegger…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:45
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  49. This paper describes the design of a candidate secular variation model for the 13th generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. This candidate is based upon the integration of an ensemble of 1...

    Authors: Alexandre Fournier, Julien Aubert, Vincent Lesur and Guillaume Ropp
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:43
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  50. The three candidate models submitted by the British Geological Survey for the 13th generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field are described. These DGRF and IGRF models are derived from vector and sca...

    Authors: William J. Brown, Ciarán D. Beggan, Grace A. Cox and Susan Macmillan
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:42
    Content type: Full paper Published on:
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