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  1. Japanese asteroid explorer Hayabusa2 arrived at C-type asteroid 162,173 Ryugu in June 2018. The laser altimeter (LIDAR) onboard Hayabusa2 measured its own transmitted laser and returned pulse intensities from ...

    Authors: Ryuhei Yamada, Keiko Yamamoto, Shoko Oshigami, Hiroshi Araki, Hiroki Senshu, Hirotomo Noda, Noriyuki Namiki, Koji Matsumoto, Fumi Yoshida, Shinsuke Abe, Naru Hirata, Sho Sasaki and Takahide Mizuno
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:166
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  2. A fundamental parameter-based quantification scheme for confocal XRF was applied to sub-micron synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) data obtained at the beamline P06 of the Deutsches Elektronen-Sy...

    Authors: Benjamin Bazi, Pieter Tack, Miles Lindner, Bart Vekemans, Ella De Pauw, Beverley Tkalcec, Frank E. Brenker, Jan Garrevoet, Gerald Falkenberg, Hikaru Yabuta, Hisayoshi Yurimoto, Tomoki Nakamura, Kana Amano, Megumi Matsumoto, Yuri Fujioka, Yuma Enokido…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:161
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  3. Japanese Hayabusa2 spacecraft has successfully carried out an impact experiment using a small carry-on impactor (SCI) on an asteroid (162173) Ryugu. We examine the size distribution of particles inside and out...

    Authors: K. Ogawa, N. Sakatani, T. Kadono, M. Arakawa, R. Honda, K. Wada, K. Shirai, Y. Shimaki, K. Ishibashi, Y. Yokota, T. Saiki, H. Imamura, Y. Tsuda, S. Nakazawa, Y. Takagi, M. Hayakawa…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:153
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  4. Millimetre-sized primordial rock fragments originating from asteroid Ryugu were investigated using high energy X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, providing 2D and 3D elemental distribution and quantitative compo...

    Authors: Pieter Tack, Ella De Pauw, Beverley Tkalcec, Miles Lindner, Benjamin Bazi, Bart Vekemans, Frank Brenker, Marco Di Michiel, Masayuki Uesugi, Hisayoshi Yurimoto, Tomoki Nakamura, Kana Amano, Megumi Matsumoto, Yuri Fujioka, Yuma Enokido, Daisuke Nakashima…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:146
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  5. Experiments on crater formation in the strength regime were conducted using projectiles of various shapes with an aspect ratio of ~ 1, including both solid and hollow interiors. The surface diameter, inner (pi...

    Authors: T. Kadono, M. Arakawa, S. Tsujido, M. Yasui, S. Hasegawa, K. Kurosawa, K. Shirai, C. Okamoto, K. Ogawa, Y. Iijima, Y. Shimaki and K. Wada
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:132
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  6. We conducted impact experiments using targets composed of particles with size distributions and projectiles with a size larger than or comparable with the maximum size of particles in targets. The pattern and ...

    Authors: Toshihiko Kadono, Ayako I. Suzuki, Ryo Suetsugu, Yuri Shimaki and Sunao Hasegawa
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:128
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  8. The Japanese meteorological satellite Himawari-8 has captured the Earth’s atmosphere and stars, planets, and the Moon in its field of view, enabling us to capture their spectroscopy with 16 bands from visible ...

    Authors: Gaku Nishiyama, Noriyuki Namiki, Seiji Sugita and Shinsuke Uno
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:105
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  9. We report ground-based environmental assessments performed during development of the sampler system until the launch of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We conducted static monitoring of potential contaminants to ass...

    Authors: Kanako Sakamoto, Yoshinori Takano, Hirotaka Sawada, Ryuji Okazaki, Takaaki Noguchi, Masayuki Uesugi, Hajime Yano, Toru Yada, Masanao Abe and Shogo Tachibana
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:90
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

  11. Hayabusa2 returned surface samples from the C-type near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu to Woomera, South Australia, in December 2020. The samples returned from Ryugu are expected to contain not only volatile co...

    Authors: Yayoi N. Miura, Ryuji Okazaki, Yoshinori Takano, Kanako Sakamoto, Shogo Tachibana, Keita Yamada, Saburo Sakai and Hirotaka Sawada
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:76
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

  13. The cartography of lineaments across a territory can be optimized using geophysical potential field data. In this study, land gravity and EMAG2 (Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid) data were simultaneously used to id...

    Authors: Cyrille Armel Cheunteu Fantah, Cyrille Adiang Mezoue, Marcelin Pemi Mouzong, Alain Pierre Tokam Kamga, Robert Nouayou and Severin Nguiya
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:59
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  14. The influence of composition-dependent thermal conductivity and heterogeneous internal heating of primordial dense material on the long-term evolution of primordial reservoirs in the lower mantle of the Earth ...

    Authors: Yang Li, Frédéric Deschamps, Zhidong Shi, Joshua M. Guerrero, Wen-Pin Hsieh, Liang Zhao and Paul J. Tackley
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:46
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  15. Martian moons exploration, MMX, is the new sample return mission planned by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) targeting the two Martian moons with the scheduled launch in 2024 and return to the Ear...

    Authors: Kiyoshi Kuramoto, Yasuhiro Kawakatsu, Masaki Fujimoto, Akito Araya, Maria Antonietta Barucci, Hidenori Genda, Naru Hirata, Hitoshi Ikeda, Takeshi Imamura, Jörn Helbert, Shingo Kameda, Masanori Kobayashi, Hiroki Kusano, David J. Lawrence, Koji Matsumoto, Patrick Michel…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:12
    Content type: Frontier Letter Published on:

  16. The Japanese MMX sample return mission to Phobos by JAXA will carry a rover developed by CNES and DLR that will be deployed on Phobos to perform in situ analysis of the Martian moon’s surface properties. Past ...

    Authors: Patrick Michel, Stephan Ulamec, Ute Böttger, Matthias Grott, Naomi Murdoch, Pierre Vernazza, Cecily Sunday, Yun Zhang, Rudy Valette, Romain Castellani, Jens Biele, Simon Tardivel, Olivier Groussin, Laurent Jorda, Jörg Knollenberg, Jan Thimo Grundmann…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:2
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  17. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans a Phobos sample return mission (MMX: Martian Moons eXploration). In this study, we review the related works on the past climate of Mars, its evolution, and the p...

    Authors: Kazunori Ogohara, Hiromu Nakagawa, Shohei Aoki, Toru Kouyama, Tomohiro Usui, Naoki Terada, Takeshi Imamura, Franck Montmessin, David Brain, Alain Doressoundiram, Thomas Gautier, Takuya Hara, Yuki Harada, Hitoshi Ikeda, Mizuho Koike, François Leblanc…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74:1
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  18. Mineralogy is the key to understanding the origin of Phobos and its position in the evolution of the Solar System. In situ Raman spectroscopy on Phobos is an important tool to achieve the scientific objectives...

    Authors: Yuichiro Cho, Ute Böttger, Fernando Rull, Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers, Tomàs Belenguer, Anko Börner, Maximilian Buder, Yuri Bunduki, Enrico Dietz, Till Hagelschuer, Shingo Kameda, Emanuel Kopp, Matthias Lieder, Guillermo Lopez-Reyes, Andoni Gaizka Moral Inza, Shoki Mori…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:232
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  19. The science operations of the spacecraft and remote sensing instruments for the Martian Moon eXploration (MMX) mission are discussed by the mission operation working team. In this paper, we describe the Phobos...

    Authors: Tomoki Nakamura, Hitoshi Ikeda, Toru Kouyama, Hiromu Nakagawa, Hiroki Kusano, Hiroki Senshu, Shingo Kameda, Koji Matsumoto, Ferran Gonzalez-Franquesa, Naoya Ozaki, Yosuke Takeo, Nicola Baresi, Yusuke Oki, David J. Lawrence, Nancy L. Chabot, Patrick N. Peplowski…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:227
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  20. In order to investigate the origin of Phobos and Deimos, the Japanese Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission is scheduled for launch in 2024. MMX will make comprehensive remote-sensing measurements of both mo...

    Authors: Koji Matsumoto, Naru Hirata, Hitoshi Ikeda, Toru Kouyama, Hiroki Senshu, Keiko Yamamoto, Hirotomo Noda, Hideaki Miyamoto, Akito Araya, Hiroshi Araki, Shunichi Kamata, Nicola Baresi and Noriyuki Namiki
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:226
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  21. An altimeter is a critical instrument in planetary missions, for both safe operations and science activities. We present required specifications and link budget calculations for light detection and ranging (LI...

    Authors: Hiroki Senshu, Takahide Mizuno, Kazuhiro Umetani, Toru Nakura, Akihiro Konishi, Akihiko Ogawa, Hirokazu Ikeda, Koji Matsumoto, Hirotomo Noda, Yoshiaki Ishihara, Sho Sasaki, Naoki Tateno, Yasuyuki Ikuse, Katsunori Mayuzumi, Teiji Kase and Hisayoshi Kashine
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:219
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

  22. The JAXA’s Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) mission is planned to reveal the origin of Phobos and Deimos. It will remotely observe both moons and return a sample from Phobos. The nominal instruments include the...

    Authors: Shingo Kameda, Masanobu Ozaki, Keigo Enya, Ryota Fuse, Toru Kouyama, Naoya Sakatani, Hidehiko Suzuki, Naoya Osada, Hiroki Kato, Hideaki Miyamoto, Atsushi Yamazaki, Tomoki Nakamura, Takaya Okamoto, Takahiro Ishimaru, Peng Hong, Ko Ishibashi…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:218
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  23. The MEGANE instrument onboard the MMX mission will acquire gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy data of Phobos to determine the elemental composition of the martian moon and provide key constraints on its origin...

    Authors: Nancy L. Chabot, Patrick N. Peplowski, Carolyn M. Ernst, Hari Nair, Michael Lucks, R. Josh Steele and David J. Lawrence
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:217
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  24. The mass spectrum analyzer (MSA) will perform in situ observations of ions and magnetic fields around Phobos as part of the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission to investigate the origin of the Martian moon...

    Authors: Shoichiro Yokota, Naoki Terada, Ayako Matsuoka, Naofumi Murata, Yoshifumi Saito, Dominique Delcourt, Yoshifumi Futaana, Kanako Seki, Micah J. Schaible, Kazushi Asamura, Satoshi Kasahara, Hiromu Nakagawa, Masaki N. Nishino, Reiko Nomura, Kunihiro Keika, Yuki Harada…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:216
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  25. The surfaces of the Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos may offer a stable environment for long-term operation of platforms. We present a broad assessment of potential scientific investigations, as well as strate...

    Authors: Elliot Sefton-Nash, Guillaume Thébault, Olivier Witasse, Detlef Koschny, Beatriz Sánchez-Cano and Alejandro Cardesín-Moinelo
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:215
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  26. The Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission will study the Martian moons Phobos and Deimos, Mars, and their environments. The mission scenario includes both landing on the surface of Phobos to collect samples ...

    Authors: Hideaki Miyamoto, Takafumi Niihara, Koji Wada, Kazunori Ogawa, Hiroki Senshu, Patrick Michel, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Ryodo Hemmi, Tomoki Nakamura, Akiko M. Nakamura, Naoyuki Hirata, Sho Sasaki, Erik Asphaug, Daniel T. Britt, Paul A. Abell, Ronald-Louis Ballouz…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:214
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  27. The mothership of the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) will perform the first landing and sampling on the surface of Phobos. For the safe landing, the 2.1-m-wide mothership of the MMX should find a smooth surfa...

    Authors: Tomohiro Takemura, Hideaki Miyamoto, Ryodo Hemmi, Takafumi Niihara and Patrick Michel
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:213
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  28. The MMX infrared spectrometer (MIRS) is an imaging spectrometer onboard MMX JAXA mission. MMX (Martian Moon eXploration) is scheduled to be launched in 2024 with sample return to Earth in 2029. MIRS is built a...

    Authors: Maria Antonietta Barucci, Jean-Michel Reess, Pernelle Bernardi, Alain Doressoundiram, Sonia Fornasier, Michel Le Du, Takahiro Iwata, Hiromu Nakagawa, Tomoki Nakamura, Yves André, Shohei Aoki, Takehiko Arai, Elisa Baldit, Pierre Beck, Jean-Tristan Buey, Elisabet Canalias…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:211
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  29. Oxygen is a potential biosignature for terrestrial Earth-like planets. The primary source of oxygen on Earth is oxygenic photosynthesis, which may be limited by the supply of riverine phosphorus. Therefore, ph...

    Authors: Yasuto Watanabe and Eiichi Tajika
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:188
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  30. In this paper, we carried out a series of linear analyses on the onset of thermal convection of highly compressible fluids whose physical properties strongly vary in space in convecting vessels either of a thr...

    Authors: Masanori Kameyama
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:167
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  31. Ringwoodite and wadsleyite are the high-pressure polymorphs of olivine, which are common in shocked meteorites. They are the major constituent minerals in the terrestrial mantle. NWA 8705, an olivine-phyric sh...

    Authors: Ting Zhang, Sen Hu, Nian Wang, Yangting Lin, Lixin Gu, Xu Tang, Xinyu Zou and Mingming Zhang
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:165
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  32. Newly analysed titanomagnetite–ilmenite (Tim–Ilm) intergrowths from Martian nakhlite meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 5790 yielded crystallisation temperature up to 1032 °C and oxygen fugacity (fO2) up to ΔQFM + ...

    Authors: Zilong Wang, Wei Tian and Yankun Di
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:164
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  33. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) will launch a spacecraft in 2024 for a sample return mission from Phobos (Martian Moons eXploration: MMX). Touchdown operations are planned to be performed twice at di...

    Authors: Wataru Fujiya, Yoshihiro Furukawa, Haruna Sugahara, Mizuho Koike, Ken-ichi Bajo, Nancy L. Chabot, Yayoi N. Miura, Frederic Moynier, Sara S. Russell, Shogo Tachibana, Yoshinori Takano, Tomohiro Usui and Michael E. Zolensky
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:120
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  35. The Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) spacecraft is a JAXA mission to Mars and its moons Phobos and Deimos. MMX will be equipped with the Circum-Martian Dust Monitor (CMDM) which is a newly developed light-weight (

    Authors: Harald Krüger, Masanori Kobayashi, Peter Strub, Georg-Moragas Klostermeyer, Maximilian Sommer, Hiroshi Kimura, Eberhard Grün and Ralf Srama
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:93
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  36. In the radargram obtained by the high-frequency lunar penetrating radar onboard the Chang’E-3 mission, we notice a potential subsurface cavity that has a smaller permittivity compared to the surrounding materi...

    Authors: Chunyu Ding, Zhiyong Xiao and Yan Su
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:53
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  37. In this study, we determined the alignment of the laser altimeter aboard Hayabusa2 with respect to the spacecraft using in-flight data. Since the laser altimeter data were used to estimate the trajectory of th...

    Authors: Hirotomo Noda, Hiroki Senshu, Koji Matsumoto, Noriyuki Namiki, Takahide Mizuno, Seiji Sugita, Shinsuke Abe, Hiroshi Araki, Kazuyoshi Asari, Yuichiro Cho, Atsushi Fujii, Masahiko Hayakawa, Arika Higuchi, Naoyuki Hirata, Naru Hirata, Chikatoshi Honda…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:21
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  38. Early evolution of Solar System small bodies proceeded through interactions of mineral and water. Melting of water ice accreted with mineral particles to the parent body results in the formation of secondary m...

    Authors: Naoki Hirakawa, Yoko Kebukawa, Yoshihiro Furukawa, Masashi Kondo, Hideyuki Nakano and Kensei Kobayashi
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:16
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  39. A 6 degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) sensor, measuring three components of translational acceleration and three components of rotation rate, provides the full history of motion it is exposed to. In Earth sciences 6Do...

    Authors: Felix Bernauer, Raphael F. Garcia, Naomi Murdoch, Veronique Dehant, David Sollberger, Cedric Schmelzbach, Simon Stähler, Joachim Wassermann, Heiner Igel, Alexandre Cadu, David Mimoun, Birgit Ritter, Valerio Filice, Özgür Karatekin, Luigi Ferraioli, Johan O. A. Robertsson…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:191
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  40. Site-dependent bulk permittivities of the lunar uppermost media with thicknesses of tens to hundreds meters were estimated based on the data from Lunar Radar Sounder onboard the Selenological and Engineering E...

    Authors: Keigo Hongo, Hiroaki Toh and Atsushi Kumamoto
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:137
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:55

  41. We developed universal sample holders [the Kochi grid, Kochi clamp, and Okazaki cell) and a transfer vessel (facility-to-facility transfer container (FFTC)] to analyze sensitive and fragile samples, such as ex...

    Authors: Motoo Ito, Naotaka Tomioka, Kentaro Uesugi, Masayuki Uesugi, Yu Kodama, Ikuya Sakurai, Ikuo Okada, Takuji Ohigashi, Hayato Yuzawa, Akira Yamaguchi, Naoya Imae, Yuzuru Karouji, Naoki Shirai, Toru Yada and Masanao Abe
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:133
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

  42. We report a chemical assessment of the explosive chamber in the projector system used during the sampling operation of the Hayabusa2 project at the surface of the C-type asteroid Ryugu. Although the explosion ...

    Authors: Yoshinori Takano, Keita Yamada, Chisato Okamoto, Hirotaka Sawada, Ryuji Okazaki, Kanako Sakamoto, Yoko Kebukawa, Kento Kiryu, Takazo Shibuya, Motoko Igisu, Hajime Yano and Shogo Tachibana
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:97
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

  43. The precise orbit of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft with respect to asteroid Ryugu is dynamically determined using the data sets collected by the spacecraft’s onboard laser altimeter (LIght Detection And Ranging, LI...

    Authors: Keiko Yamamoto, Toshimichi Otsubo, Koji Matsumoto, Hirotomo Noda, Noriyuki Namiki, Hiroshi Takeuchi, Hitoshi Ikeda, Makoto Yoshikawa, Yukio Yamamoto, Hiroki Senshu, Takahide Mizuno, Naru Hirata, Ryuhei Yamada, Yoshiaki Ishihara, Hiroshi Araki, Shinsuke Abe…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:85
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  44. We evaluated a method for retrieving vertical temperature and Doppler wind velocity profiles of the Venusian nightside mesosphere from the CO2 absorption line resolved by mid-infrared heterodyne spectroscopy. The...

    Authors: Kosuke Takami, Hiromu Nakagawa, Hideo Sagawa, Pia Krause, Isao Murata, Yasumasa Kasaba, Takeshi Kuroda, Shohei Aoki, Toru Kouyama, Theodor Kostiuk, Timothy A. Livengood and Gabriella Gilli
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:60
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  46. The reason for stationary gravity waves at Venus’ cloud top to appear mostly at low latitudes in the afternoon is not understood. Since a neutral layer exists in the lower part of the cloud layer, the waves sh...

    Authors: Takeru Yamada, Takeshi Imamura, Tetsuya Fukuhara and Makoto Taguchi
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:123
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  47. Sub-Jupiter classed circumbinary planets discovered in close-in binary systems have orbits just beyond the dynamically unstable region, which is determined by the eccentricity and mass ratio of the host binary...

    Authors: Akihiro Yamanaka and Takanori Sasaki
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:82
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  48. The winonaites are primitive achondrites that are associated with IAB iron meteorites. They provide valuable insights into differentiation processes on asteroids in the early Solar System. However, there is st...

    Authors: Xiaojia Zeng, Yingli Shang, Shijie Li, Xiongyao Li, Shijie Wang and Yang Li
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:38
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  49. Results from the first VHF profiler research radar in Costa Rica, operating at a central radar frequency of 46.6 MHz, are presented. Emphasis has been on studies of scattering layers detected in the altitude r...

    Authors: Marcial Garbanzo-Salas and Wayne Hocking
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:6
    Content type: Frontier letter Published on:
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