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  1. Poloidal–toroidal magnetic field decomposition is a useful application of the Mie representation and the decomposition method enables us to determine the current density observationally and unambiguously in th...

    Authors: S. Toepfer, Y. Narita, W. Exner, D. Heyner, P. Kolhey, K. -H. Glassmeier and U. Motschmann
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:204
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  2. The ionosphere is one of the important sources for magnetospheric plasma, particularly for heavy ions with low charge states. We investigate the effect of solar illumination on the number flux of ion outflow u...

    Authors: Naritoshi Kitamura, Kanako Seki, Kunihiro Keika, Yukitoshi Nishimura, Tomoaki Hori, Masafumi Hirahara, Eric J. Lund, Lynn M. Kistler and Robert J. Strangeway
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:202
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  3. Using numerical filtering techniques allowing us to reduce noise from sferics, we are able to clearly study a new type of differently structured very low frequency (VLF) radio waves above f = 4 kHz at the grou...

    Authors: Claudia Martinez-Calderon, Jyrki K. Manninen, Jemina T. Manninen and Tauno Turunen
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:191
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  4. Discovering such structures as the third radiation belt (or “storage ring”) has been a major observational achievement of the NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes program (renamed the “Van Allen Probes” mission in...

    Authors: Daniel N. Baker
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:189
    Content type: Frontier Letter Published on:

  5. Large-amplitude geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are the natural consequences of the solar–terrestrial connection triggered by solar eruptions. The threat of severe damage of power grids due to the GICs...

    Authors: Yusuke Ebihara, Shinichi Watari and Sandeep Kumar
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:163
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

  6. Although solar activity may significantly impact the global environment and socioeconomic systems, the mechanisms for solar eruptions and the subsequent processes have not yet been fully understood. Thus, mode...

    Authors: Kanya Kusano, Kiyoshi Ichimoto, Mamoru Ishii, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Shigeo Yoden, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Ayumi Asai, Yusuke Ebihara, Hitoshi Fujiwara, Tada-Nori Goto, Yoichiro Hanaoka, Hisashi Hayakawa, Keisuke Hosokawa, Hideyuki Hotta, Kornyanat Hozumi, Shinsuke Imada…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:159
    Content type: Frontier Letter Published on:

  7. The east–west component of magnetic field variation (∆D-component) at Davao station (Philippines, geomagnetic latitude: – 2.22˚N) are used to investigate the characteristics of the long-term Inter-Hemispheric Fie...

    Authors: Manjula Ranasinghe, Akiko Fujimoto, Akimasa Yoshikawa and Chandana Jayaratne
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:146
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  8. Van Allen Probes in situ observations are used to examine detailed subpacket structure observed in strong VLF (very low frequency) rising-tone chorus elements observed at the time of a rapid MeV electron energ...

    Authors: John C. Foster, Philip J. Erickson and Yoshiharu Omura
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:140
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  10. We study the influence of real structure of electromagnetic ion-cyclotron wave packets in the Earth’s radiation belts on precipitation of relativistic electrons. Automatic algorithm is used to distinguish isol...

    Authors: Veronika S. Grach, Andrei G. Demekhov and Alexey V. Larchenko
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:129
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  11. This paper demonstrates and assesses the capability of the advanced three-dimensional (3-D) ionosphere tomography technique, during severe conditions. The study area is northeast Asia and quasi-Japan-centred. ...

    Authors: Nicholas Ssessanga, Mamoru Yamamoto and Susumu Saito
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:124
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  13. We have developed ISEE_Wave (Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University - Plasma Wave Analysis Tool), an interactive plasma wave analysis tool for electric and magnetic field waveforms...

    Authors: Shoya Matsuda, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Satoko Nakamura, Masahiro Kitahara, Masafumi Shoji, Tomoaki Hori, Shun Imajo, Chae-Woo Jun, Satoshi Kurita, Yoshiya Kasahara, Ayako Matsuoka and Iku Shinohara
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:110
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:125

  14. We surveyed the relationship between the scale of space weather events and their occurrence rate in Japan, and we discussed the social impact of these phenomena during the Project for Solar–Terrestrial Environ...

    Authors: Mamoru Ishii, Daikou Shiota, Chihiro Tao, Yusuke Ebihara, Hitoshi Fujiwara, Takako Ishii, Kiyoshi Ichimoto, Ryuho Kataoka, Kiyokazu Koga, Yuki Kubo, Kanya Kusano, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Tsutomu Nagatsuma, Aoi Nakamizo, Masao Nakamura, Michi Nishioka…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:108
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  15. This study investigates the medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) statistically at the low-latitude equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region in the northern hemisphere. We apply the automa...

    Authors: Pin-Hsuan Cheng, Charles Lin, Yuichi Otsuka, Hanli Liu, Panthalingal Krishanunni Rajesh, Chia-Hung Chen, Jia-Ting Lin and M. T. Chang
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:105
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  17. We attempted to reproduce the total electron content (TEC) variation in the Earth's atmosphere from the temporal variation of the solar flare spectrum of the X9.3 flare on September 6, 2017. The flare spectrum...

    Authors: Kyoko Watanabe, Hidekatsu Jin, Shohei Nishimoto, Shinsuke Imada, Toshiki Kawai, Tomoko Kawate, Yuichi Otsuka, Atsuki Shinbori, Takuya Tsugawa and Michi Nishioka
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:96
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  18. Nonlinear processes associated with the generation process of whistler-mode chorus emissions are summarized. The nonlinear dynamics of energetic electrons interacting with a coherent whistler-mode wave and the...

    Authors: Yoshiharu Omura
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:95
    Content type: Frontier Letter Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:121

  19. Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in a quasi-meridional power transmission line on the Kola Peninsula are analyzed during the intervals of Pc5/Pi3 (frequency range from 1.5 to 5 mHz) pulsations recorded ...

    Authors: Nadezda V Yagova, Vyacheslav A Pilipenko, Yaroslav A Sakharov and Vasily N Selivanov
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:88
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  20. X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions from solar flares rapidly change the physical composition of the Earth’s thermosphere and ionosphere, thereby causing space weather phenomena such as communicatio...

    Authors: Shohei Nishimoto, Kyoko Watanabe, Toshiki Kawai, Shinsuke Imada and Tomoko Kawate
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:79
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  21. The parameterization of the magnetospheric field contribution, generated by currents flowing in the magnetosphere is of major importance for the analysis of Mercury’s internal magnetic field. Using a combinati...

    Authors: S. Toepfer, Y. Narita, K. -H. Glassmeier, D. Heyner, P. Kolhey, U. Motschmann and B. Langlais
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:65
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  22. We developed an operational solar flare prediction model using deep neural networks, named Deep Flare Net (DeFN). DeFN can issue probabilistic forecasts of solar flares in two categories, such as ≥ M-class and...

    Authors: Naoto Nishizuka, Yûki Kubo, Komei Sugiura, Mitsue Den and Mamoru Ishii
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:64
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  23. It is widely recognised that filament disappearances or eruptions are frequently associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Since CMEs are a major source of disturbances of the space environment surroundin...

    Authors: Daikichi Seki, Kenichi Otsuji, Takako T. Ishii, Ayumi Asai and Kiyoshi Ichimoto
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:58
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  24. A solar energetic particle (SEP) event generates a shower of secondary generated particles in the Earth’s atmosphere down to lower altitudes to cause an atmospheric radiation storm (ARS). The high-energy secon...

    Authors: Susumu Saito, Navinda Kithmal Wickramasinghe, Tatsuhiko Sato and Daikou Shiota
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:57
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  25. Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is one of the key parameters for users of radio-based systems, such as the Global Navigation Satellite System, high-frequency communication systems, and space-based rem...

    Authors: Michi Nishioka, Susumu Saito, Chihiro Tao, Daikou Shiota, Takuya Tsugawa and Mamoru Ishii
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:52
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  26. In gradual Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events, shock waves driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) play a major role in accelerating particles, and the energetic particle flux enhances substantially when th...

    Authors: Mitsuo Oka, Takahiro Obara, Nariaki V. Nitta, Seiji Yashiro, Daikou Shiota and Kiyoshi Ichimoto
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:31
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  27. A sporadic E layer has significant influence on radio communications and broadcasting, and predicting the occurrence of sporadic E layers is one of the most important issues in space weather forecast. While sp...

    Authors: Hiroyuki Shinagawa, Chihiro Tao, Hidekatsu Jin, Yasunobu Miyoshi and Hitoshi Fujiwara
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:28
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  28. Plasma variations in the geospace environment driven by solar wind–magnetosphere interactions are one of the major causes of satellite anomaly. To mitigate the effect of satellite anomaly, the risk of space we...

    Authors: Tsutomu Nagatsuma, Aoi Nakamizo, Yasubumi Kubota, Masao Nakamura, Kiyokazu Koga, Yoshizumi Miyoshi and Haruhisa Matsumoto
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:26
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  29. In order to reveal solar activity dependence of the medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) at midlatitudes, total electron content (TEC) data obtained from a Global Positioning System (GPS) r...

    Authors: Yuichi Otsuka, Atsuki Shinbori, Takuya Tsugawa and Michi Nishioka
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:22
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  30. We statistically investigate the spectral scalings of magnetic fluctuations at the upstream and downstream regions near the Venusian bow shock and perform a differentiation by shock geometry. Based on the Venu...

    Authors: S. D. Xiao, M. Y. Wu, G. Q. Wang, Y. Q. Chen and T. L. Zhang
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:13
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  31. Using the HF Doppler sounders at middle and low latitudes (Prague, Czech Republic; Tucuman, Argentina; Zhongli, Republic of China, and Sugadaira, Japan), we observed the electric fields of the geomagnetic sudd...

    Authors: Takashi Kikuchi, Jaroslav Chum, Ichiro Tomizawa, Kumiko K. Hashimoto, Keisuke Hosokawa, Yusuke Ebihara, Kornyanat Hozumi and Pornchai Supnithi
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:10
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  32. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) cause various disturbances of the space environment; therefore, forecasting their arrival time is very important. However, forecasting accuracy is hindered by limited CME observat...

    Authors: Kazumasa Iwai, Daikou Shiota, Munetoshi Tokumaru, Ken’ichi Fujiki, Mitsue Den and Yûki Kubo
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2021 73:9
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  33. For more than 30 years, a two-step mechanism was used to explain observed Atmospheric band emission (762 nm) in mesopause region. A new mechanism, which leads to the formation of electronically excited molecul...

    Authors: Mykhaylo Grygalashvyly and Gerd Reinhold Sonnemann
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:187
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  34. The generation and evolution of artificial plasma clouds is a complicated process that is strongly dependent on the background environment and release conditions. In this paper, based on a three-dimensional tw...

    Authors: Xiaoli Zhu, Yaogai Hu, Zhengyu Zhao, Binbin Ni and Yuannong Zhang
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:183
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  35. We studied temporal variation of the differential rotation and poleward meridional circulation during solar cycle 24 using the magnetic element feature tracking technique. We used line-of-sight magnetograms ob...

    Authors: Shinsuke Imada, Kengo Matoba, Masashi Fujiyama and Haruhisa Iijima
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:182
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  36. Polarimetry is a crucial method to investigate solar magnetic fields. From the viewpoint of space weather, the magnetic field in solar filaments, which occasionally erupt and develop into interplanetary flux r...

    Authors: Yoichiro Hanaoka, Yukio Katsukawa, Satoshi Morita, Yukiko Kamata and Noriyoshi Ishizuka
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:181
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

  37. Upper atmospheric conditions are crucial for the safe operation of spacecraft orbiting near Earth and for communication and positioning systems using radio signals. To understand and predict the upper atmosphe...

    Authors: Chihiro Tao, Hidekatsu Jin, Yasunobu Miyoshi, Hiroyuki Shinagawa, Hitoshi Fujiwara, Michi Nishioka and Mamoru Ishii
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:178
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  38. Solar flares trigger an increase in plasma density in the ionosphere including the D region, and cause the absorption of radio waves, especially in high-frequency (HF) ranges, called short-wave fadeout (SWF). ...

    Authors: Chihiro Tao, Michi Nishioka, Susumu Saito, Daikou Shiota, Kyoko Watanabe, Naoto Nishizuka, Takuya Tsugawa and Mamoru Ishii
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:173
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  39. Simultaneously estimating plasma parameters of the ionosphere presents a problem for the incoherent scatter radar (ISR) technique at altitudes between ~ 130 and ~ 300 km. Different mixtures of ion concentratio...

    Authors: Miguel Martínez-Ledesma and Francisco Jaramillo Montoya
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:172
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

  40. Ionospheric irregularities can affect satellite communication and navigation by causing scintillations of radio signals. The scintillations are routinely measured using ground-based networks of receivers. This...

    Authors: Sharon Aol, Stephan Buchert and Edward Jurua
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:164
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  41. Electric currents flowing in the terrestrial ionosphere have conventionally been diagnosed by low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites equipped with science-grade magnetometers and long booms on magnetically clean sat...

    Authors: Jaeheung Park, Claudia Stolle, Yosuke Yamazaki, Jan Rauberg, Ingo Michaelis and Nils Olsen
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:162
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  42. In the Earth’s inner magnetosphere, there exist regions like plasmasphere, ring current, and radiation belts, where the population of charged particles trapped along the magnetic field lines is more. These par...

    Authors: Pankaj K. Soni, Bharati Kakad and Amar Kakad
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:129
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  43. Statistical distributions are investigated for magnetic storms, sudden commencements (SCs), and substorms to identify the possible amplitude of the one in 100-year and 1000-year events from a limited data set ...

    Authors: Ryuho Kataoka
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:124
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  44. The importance of the investigation of magnetic superstorms is not limited to academic interest, because these superstorms can cause catastrophic impact on the modern civilisation due to our increasing depende...

    Authors: Hisashi Hayakawa, José R. Ribeiro, Yusuke Ebihara, Ana P. Correia and Mitsuru Sôma
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:122
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  45. We investigate the longitudinal structure of the oxygen torus in the inner magnetosphere for a specific event found on 12 September 2017, using simultaneous observations from the Van Allen Probe B and Arase sa...

    Authors: M. Nosé, A. Matsuoka, A. Kumamoto, Y. Kasahara, M. Teramoto, S. Kurita, J. Goldstein, L. M. Kistler, S. Singh, A. Gololobov, K. Shiokawa, S. Imajo, S. Oimatsu, K. Yamamoto, Y. Obana, M. Shoji…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:111
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  46. We examined how much large-scale and localized upward and downward currents contribute to the substorm current wedge (SCW), and how they evolve over time, using the THEMIS all-sky imagers (ASIs) and ground mag...

    Authors: Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, C. Gabrielse, J. M. Weygand, E. F. Donovan and V. Angelopoulos
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:106
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  47. We studied the space weather effects on the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) magnetic response using Tsyganenko models. For the physical parameters characterizing the SAA, the study considered the minimum magnetic...

    Authors: Kirolosse M. Girgis, Tohru Hada and Shuichi Matsukiyo
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:100
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  49. Being footprints of major magnetic storms and hence major solar eruptions, mid- to low-latitude aurorae have been one of the pathways to understand solar–terrestrial environments. However, it has been reported...

    Authors: Denny M. Oliveira, Hisashi Hayakawa, Ankush Bhaskar, Eftyhia Zesta and Geeta Vichare
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:82
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  50. Prompt penetration electric fields were detected during the intense geomagnetic storm on 22 June, 2015 by the HF Doppler sounders at middle and low latitudes; Prague (Czech Republic), Iitate, Oarai, Onna (Japa...

    Authors: Kumiko K. Hashimoto, Takashi Kikuchi, Ichiro Tomizawa, Keisuke Hosokawa, Jaroslav Chum, Dalia Buresova, Masahito Nose and Kiyokazu Koga
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2020 72:71
    Content type: Full paper Published on:
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