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The fault zone in the earth’s crust is thought to consist of several regions from top to bottom: the upper frictional region, the brittle-ductile transition zone and the ductile region. The upper frictional re...
A new model for growth of plastic shear zone is proposed based on the basis of a theory of fluid dynamics coupled with a rheological constitutive function, and is applied to a natural shear zone. Mylonite, ult...
The strength of seismogenic faults is fundamental to earthquake mechanics and plate tectonics, affecting many subsidiary processes in the solid earth. The key to understanding fault strength is determining the...
Two recent experimental studies on the frictional behavior of synthetic gouge-bearing faults under the operation of pressure solution are compared. One is triaxial shear experiments on quartz gouge at high pre...
P-T conditions of cataclastic deformation associated with underplating in subduction zone are estimated from fluid inclusions within the post-mélange veins in the Cretaceous Shimanto Belt, Kii Peninsula, SW Ja...
Rock alteration and geochemistry of the fault rocks are examined to infer the characteristics of the fluid phase related to the ancient fault activity. The Hatagawa Fault Zone, northeast Japan, is an exhumed s...
We investigated the deep crustal resistivity structure across Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL), one of the most dangerous active intraplate faults in Japan, by use of wide-band magnetotelluric (MT) metho...
In order to obtain information about the deformation and fluid-flow processes in seismogenic regions, we designed and constructed an original Japanese-type gas-medium deformation apparatus capable of achieving...
A numerical simulation of seismic cycles is performed using a two-dimensional model with a vertical strike-slip fault in an elastic layer overlying a Maxwellian viscoelastic half-space, where the frictional st...
A dense GPS network was established in 1997 around Ou Backbone Range (OBR), northeastern Japan, by deploying 28 continuous GPS stations to complement the sparse portion of GEONET operated by the Geographical S...
The Median Tectonic Line (MTL) is the longest arc-parallel fault system in southwest Japan whose right-lateral strike-slip is related to oblique subduction of the Philippine Sea plate (PH). We constructed a de...
We established a dense permanent GPS array around the northern and central Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) in order to study loading processes of inland active faults. 1–4 years observation has revealed...
Fault zone waves have the potential to be a powerful tool to reveal the fine structure of a fault zone down to the seismogenic depth. Seismic fault zone waves include head waves, trapped waves and direct body ...
A gravity survey was conducted in and around the Nagamachi-Rifu Fault. The density for both terrain and Bouguer corrections was chosen to be 2,300 kg/m3, because volcanic rocks are dominant over the whole measure...
Detailed structures of fault low velocity zones (LVZ) have been studied by analyzing fault-zone trapped waves at various active faults. These studies demonstrate that widths of the fault LVZ are ranging from a...
The Nagamachi-Rifu fault is an active reverse fault which trends NE-SW across the central part of Sendai City for over 21 km distance. The fault does not emerge at the surface and, accompanied with the Dainenj...
A seismic reflection survey using both explosives and vibrators was conducted in June 2001 around the Nagamachi-Rifu fault, northeastern Japan. We carried out observations of four small aperture seismic arrays...
An extensive seismic experiment was carried out in June 2001 around the Nagamachi-Rifu fault, northeastern Japan. We deployed seismic arrays on the hanging wall of the reverse fault, and observed seismic waves...
Distinct phases reflected from mid-crustal reflectors (SxS and PxP phases) were observed in seismograms of aftershocks of 1998 M5.0 Sendai earthquake at nearby stations. We estimated the locations of the reflecto...
High resolution images of crustal structure across the San Andreas Fault (SAF) were obtained by using the common conversion point stacking of teleseismic P-to-S converted waves recorded during the Los Angeles Reg...
We examined several previously proposed models of the process by which large intraplate earthquakes are generated, and found the most plausible to be the ‘localized shear model,’ in which seismogenic faults ha...
Clear images of the seismic velocity discontinuities in the crust and the uppermost mantle beneath southwest Japan have been obtained with Receiver Function (RF) analyses of teleseismic waveforms observed at e...
We have estimated a criterion for escape of silicate vapor from the disk formed by a giant impact. Escape from the disk affects the mass distribution and specific angular momentum of the disk. We applied the r...
The crater size-frequency distribution of lunar maria is characterized by the change in slope of the population between 0.3 and 4 km in crater diameter. The origin of the steep segment in the distribution is n...
A direct approach for determining the asymptotic MHD Mach cone is formulated and solved. An implicit analytical solution enables the calculation of the asymptotic downstream slope of MHD Mach cones at any cloc...
Ore mineral and host lithologies have been sampled at 14 sites (89 oriented samples) in the Naica District, northern Mexico. The following properties were measured to characterise samples: saturation magnetiza...
The vector fluxgate magnetometer of the Ørsted satellite is routinely calibrated by comparing its output with measurements of the absolute magnetic intensity from the Overhauser instrument, which is the second...
The analytic expressions for the displacements and stresses at any point of an infinite orthotropic elastic medium as a result of an inclined line load have been obtained. This plane strain problem has been so...
We investigated the persistence of the most intense Jovian decameter bursts observed during 17 consecutive years (1974–1990). The results showed that even the most intense group of decametric storms lasted onl...
Using the Elman-type neural network technique, operational models are constructed that predict the Dst index two hours in advance. The input data consist of real-time solar wind velocity, density, and magnetic...
We have performed two series of analog experiments using gelatin to study the propagation of liquid-filled cracks in stressed medium. The first series was designed to study the competition between the external...
Based on the study of pre-seismic very high frequency (VHF) and very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic signals, we attempt to establish a set of necessary conditions referring to the underlying critical stag...
This paper describes the processing and analysis of semi-local OBS-data shot along a 122 km profile in the Vøring Basin, NE Atlantic margin, using both a high-frequency/short shot-spacing and a low-frequency/l...
Based on the high time and spatial resolution total electron content (TEC) data, which is estimated from the phase and code observables obtained by using GPS (Global Positioning System) Earth Observation Netwo...
Electric and magnetic data were obtained above the focal area in association with the 1999 Izmit, Turkey earthquake. The acquired data are extremely important for studies of electromagnetic phenomena associate...
S-type asteroids are believed to be parent bodies of ordinary chondrites. However, the reflectance spectra of S-type asteroids are different from those of ordinary chondrites. This spectral mismatch is strongl...
The magnetic survey in China carried out in resent years is briefly introduced. On the basis of the magnetic data at 119 repeat stations, 39 permanent observatories and 20 grid values of the IGRF 2000, the mag...
Study of paleosecular variation was carried out to mostly andesite lavas from the late Quaternary Ontake Volcano which have detailed stratigraphy and accurate radiometric ages. Among 42 sites, some of the resu...
In the 1940’s, several destructive earthquakes occurred in western Japan. Seismograms in this period were usually recorded on smoked paper and the quality was poor compared to modern digital data. But the rece...
The north magnetic dip pole velocity has more than doubled in the last 30 years. This observation, together with the decrease in the Earth’s magnetic dipole intensity over the last century has raised the conce...
A time-dependent and line-by-line fluorescence model of the v7 band of C2H6 has been constructed. Collisional (neutrals and electrons) and radiative excitation effects have been considered in the calculations of ...
Westward drift is apparent not only in the Main Geomagnetic field (MG-field) but also in its Secular Variation (SV-field). The eighth generation of International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is used in t...
Traditionally the separation of the ground geomagnetic field variations into external and internal parts is carried out by applying methods using harmonic functions. However, these methods may require a separa...
The geomagnetic field at any given epoch is a function of space coordinates, varying differently at each location with time. It has been known that secular change is a comparatively local phenomenon and that i...
Fumarolic gases from the Kusatsu Shirane volcano, Japan were analyzed for the content and isotopic compositions of H2O, the abundances and isotopic compositions of noble gas. The observed δ18O and 36Ar/H2O ratios...
The pressure variations in the solar wind produce the oscillations in surface currents at the magnetopause boundary in order to nullify the pressure imbalance. These currents introduce compressional variations...
When determining the remanent magnetization (RM) of palaeomagnetic rock samples, it is assumed that the samples can be approximated by a magnetic dipole. This assumption greatly simplifies the inverse problem ...
Shear wave refractions and wide-angle reflections recorded on densely spaced Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBSs) in the Vøring Basin have been modelled by use of 2-D kinematic ray-tracing. Twenty-five three compo...
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