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  1. Statistical analysis of spread F (SF), recorded at Puer (PUR, 22.7° N, 101.05° E, Dip Latitude 12.9° N) during 2015–2016, was carried out to reveal its characteristics at the northern equatorial ionization ano...

    Authors: Ting Lan, Chunhua Jiang, Guobin Yang, Yuannong Zhang, Jing Liu and Zhengyu Zhao
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:138
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  2. Observations by six Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) polar cap radars, three in the northern hemisphere and three in the southern hemispheres, are considered to assess F region echo occurrence rate...

    Authors: Alexander V. Koustov, Sydney Ullrich, Pavlo V. Ponomarenko, Nozomu Nishitani, Federica M. Marcucci and William A. Bristow
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:112
    Content type: Frontier letter Published on:

  3. This paper presents how the magnetosphere–plasmasphere–ionosphere system was affected as a whole during the geomagnetic storm peaking on 27 May 2017. The interplanetary conditions, the magnetospheric response ...

    Authors: Michael Pezzopane, Afredo Del Corpo, Mirko Piersanti, Claudio Cesaroni, Alessio Pignalberi, Simone Di Matteo, Luca Spogli, Massimo Vellante and Balazs Heilig
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:77
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  4. Atmospheric loss and ion outflow play an important role in the magnetospheric dynamics and in the evolution of the atmosphere on geological timescales—an evolution which is also dependent on the solar activity...

    Authors: Audrey Schillings, Rikard Slapak, Hans Nilsson, Masatoshi Yamauchi, Iannis Dandouras and Lars-Göran Westerberg
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:70
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  5. We report a statistical study of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) during 2014–2017 in the low-latitude China region using the Hong Kong Continuously Operating Reference Stations network...

    Authors: Guanyi Chen, Chen Zhou, Yi Liu, Jiaqi Zhao, Qiong Tang, Xiang Wang and Zhengyu Zhao
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:52
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  6. Spread-F is known as the electron density inhomogeneous structures in F layer of ionosphere and can usually be classified as frequency spread-F (FSF) and range spread-F (RSF). Few studies have reported on the ...

    Authors: Ning Wang, Lixin Guo, Zonghua Ding, Zhenwei Zhao, Zhengwen Xu, Tong Xu and Yanli Hu
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:47
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  8. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) cause disturbances in the environment of the Earth when they arrive at the Earth. However, the prediction of the arrival of CMEs still remains a challenge. We have developed an in...

    Authors: Kazumasa Iwai, Daikou Shiota, Munetoshi Tokumaru, Ken’ichi Fujiki, Mitsue Den and Yûki Kubo
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:39
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  9. This study examines the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) diurnal eastward 3 (DE3) and stationary planetary wave 4 (SPW4) which are the major ...

    Authors: Yang-Yi Sun, Huixin Liu, Yasunobu Miyoshi, Loren C. Chang and Libo Liu
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:35
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:45

  10. The St. Patrick’s Day phenomenon is a geomagnetic storm that deserves serious discussion because of its intensity and effectiveness. This study focuses on the St. Patrick’s Day storm on March 17, 2015, which i...

    Authors: Emre Eroglu
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:26
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  11. In order to statistically investigate the relationship between the low-latitude coronal holes (CHs), the solar wind speed, and the geomagnetic activity in solar cycles 23 (1996–2008) and 24 (2009–2016), we con...

    Authors: Yumi Nakagawa, Satoshi Nozawa and Atsuki Shinbori
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:24
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  12. Substorm-associated electron injection, starting on Apr. 5, 2017, was observed by the ERG (Arase), GOES-15 and GOES-13 spacecraft. ERG successfully observed a clear and sufficient extent of manifestations of t...

    Authors: Tzu-Fang Chang, Chio-Zong Cheng, Sunny Wing-Yee Tam, Chih-Yu Chiang, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Tomoaki Hori, Takefumi Mitani, Takeshi Takashima, Ayako Matsuoka, Mariko Teramoto and Iku Shinohara
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:18
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  14. Transient mesospheric echo in the VHF range was detected at an altitude of 65–70 km during the auroral breakup that occurred from 2220 to 2226 UT on June 30, 2017. During this event, the footprint of the Arase...

    Authors: Ryuho Kataoka, Takanori Nishiyama, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Akira Kadokura, Herbert Akihito Uchida, Yusuke Ebihara, Mitsumu K. Ejiri, Yoshihiro Tomikawa, Masaki Tsutsumi, Kaoru Sato, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Kazuo Shiokawa, Satoshi Kurita, Yoshiya Kasahara, Mitsunori Ozaki, Keisuke Hosokawa…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:9
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  15. Solar wind particles and ionospheric O+ ions influence the near-Earth plasma sheet and inner magnetospheric composition. We studied the behavior of H+, O+ and He+ ions (9–210 keV) for intense and moderate geomagn...

    Authors: Megha Pandya, Bhaskara Veenadhari, Masahito Nosé, Sandeep Kumar, Geoff D. Reeves and A. T. Y. Lui
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:203
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  16. Solar flares cause a rapid increase in ionization in the ionosphere owing to significant enhancement of ionizing solar radiation in the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral ranges. The change of electr...

    Authors: Jaroslav Chum, Jaroslav Urbář, Jan Laštovička, Miguel Angel Cabrera, Jann-Yenq Liu, Fernando Alberto Miranda Bonomi, Mariano Fagre, Jiří Fišer and Zbyšek Mošna
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:198
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  17. This work describes several important improvements made to the International Reference Ionosphere UPdate (IRI UP) method, and a careful validation of its performances under disturbed conditions. The IRI UP met...

    Authors: Alessio Pignalberi, Marco Pietrella, Michael Pezzopane and Rolando Rizzi
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:180
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  18. It has been known that the Alfvén velocity plays a significant role in generation and propagation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. Until now, however, the global distribution of the Alfvén velocity in the m...

    Authors: Khan-Hyuk Kim, Gi-Jeong Kim and Hyuck-Jin Kwon
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:174
    Content type: Express Letter Published on:

  22. High-latitude, small-scale plasma density irregularities are observed by the Advanced Land Observation Satellite 2, Phase Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 and the European Incoherent Scatter radar ...

    Authors: Hiroatsu Sato, Jun Su Kim, Norbert Jakowski and Ingemar Häggström
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:163
    Content type: Frontier letter Published on:

  23. The St. Patrick’s Day geomagnetic storm on March 17, 2015, has been chosen by the space community for synergetic analysis to build a more comprehensive picture of the storm’s origin and evolution. This storm h...

    Authors: Olga V. Kozyreva, Vyacheslav A. Pilipenko, Vladimir B. Belakhovsky and Yaroslav A. Sakharov
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:157
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  25. Analysis of 163 isolated substorms showed that their intensity quantified as a maximum absolute value of the AL index increases with an increase in the velocity and number density of the solar wind plasma and ...

    Authors: Vyacheslav Georgievich Vorobjev, Elizaveta Evgenievna Antonova and Oksana Ivanovna Yagodkina
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:148
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  27. The extremely high-energy electron experiment (XEP) onboard the Arase (ERG) satellite is designed to measure high-energy electrons in the Earth’s radiation belts. The XEP was developed by taking advantage of o...

    Authors: Nana Higashio, Takeshi Takashima, Iku Shinohara and Haruhisa Matsumoto
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:134
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  28. We have analyzed the role of auroral processes in the formation of the outer radiation belt, considering that the main part of the auroral oval maps to the outer part of the ring current, instead of the plasma...

    Authors: Elizaveta E. Antonova, Marina V. Stepanova, Pablo S. Moya, Victor A. Pinto, Vadim V. Vovchenko, Ilya L. Ovchinnikov and Nikita V. Sotnikov
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:127
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  29. The global dynamics of substorms are controlled by several key magnetospheric parameters. In this work we obtain quantitative measures of these parameters from a low-order nonlinear model of the nightside magn...

    Authors: Edmund Spencer, Sai Krishna Vadepu, Pavithra Srinivas, Swadesh Patra and Wendell Horton
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:118
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  30. The exploration of energization and radiation in geospace (ERG) satellite, nicknamed “Arase,” is the second satellite in a series of small scientific satellites created by the Institute of Space and Astronauti...

    Authors: Yosuke Nakamura, Seisuke Fukuda, Yasuko Shibano, Hiroyuki Ogawa, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Shigehito Shimizu, Ersin Soken, Yu Miyazawa, Hiroyuki Toyota, Akio Kukita, Yusuke Maru, Junichi Nakatsuka, Tomohiko Sakai, Shinsuke Takeuchi, Kenichiro Maki, Makoto Mita…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:102
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  31. The Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace (ERG) project explores the acceleration, transport, and loss of relativistic electrons in the radiation belts and the dynamics for geospace storms. Thi...

    Authors: Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Iku Shinohara, Takeshi Takashima, Kazushi Asamura, Nana Higashio, Takefumi Mitani, Satoshi Kasahara, Shoichiro Yokota, Yoichi Kazama, Shiang-Yu Wang, Sunny W. Y. Tam, Paul T. P. Ho, Yoshiya Kasahara, Yasumasa Kasaba, Satoshi Yagitani, Ayako Matsuoka…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:101
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  32. The Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace (ERG) Science Center serves as a hub of the ERG project, providing data files in a common format and developing the space physics environment data anal...

    Authors: Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Tomoaki Hori, Masafumi Shoji, Mariko Teramoto, T. F. Chang, Tomonori Segawa, Norio Umemura, Shoya Matsuda, Satoshi Kurita, Kunihiro Keika, Yukinaga Miyashita, Kanako Seki, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Nozomu Nishitani, Satoshi Kasahara, Shoichiro Yokota…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:96
    Content type: Technical report Published on:

  33. A satellite placed in space is constantly affected by the space environment, resulting in various impacts from temporary faults to permanent failures depending on factors such as satellite orbit, solar and geo...

    Authors: Nizam Ahmad, Dhani Herdiwijaya, Thomas Djamaluddin, Hideyuki Usui and Yohei Miyake
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:91
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  35. The Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace (ERG) project aims to study acceleration and loss mechanisms of relativistic electrons around the Earth. The Arase (ERG) satellite was launched on Dece...

    Authors: Yoshiya Kasahara, Yasumasa Kasaba, Hirotsugu Kojima, Satoshi Yagitani, Keigo Ishisaka, Atsushi Kumamoto, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Mitsunori Ozaki, Shoya Matsuda, Tomohiko Imachi, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Mitsuru Hikishima, Yuto Katoh, Mamoru Ota, Masafumi Shoji, Ayako Matsuoka…
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:86
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  36. The High Frequency Analyzer (HFA) is a subsystem of the Plasma Wave Experiment onboard the Arase (ERG) spacecraft. The main purposes of the HFA include (1) determining the electron number density around the sp...

    Authors: Atsushi Kumamoto, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Yoshiya Kasahara, Yasumasa Kasaba, Hirotsugu Kojima, Satoshi Yagitani, Keigo Ishisaka, Tomohiko Imachi, Mitsunori Ozaki, Shoya Matsuda, Masafumi Shoji, Aayako Matsuoka, Yuto Katoh, Yoshizumi Miyoshi and Takahiro Obara
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:82
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  37. Bright auroral emissions during geomagnetic storms provide a good opportunity for testing the proposal that substorm onset is frequently triggered by plasma sheet flow bursts that are manifested in the ionosph...

    Authors: Larry R. Lyons, Ying Zou, Yukitoshi Nishimura, Bea Gallardo-Lacourt, Vassilis Angelopulos and Eric F. Donovan
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:81
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  38. The software-type wave–particle interaction analyzer (S-WPIA) is an instrument package onboard the Arase satellite, which studies the magnetosphere. The S-WPIA represents a new method for directly observing wa...

    Authors: Mitsuru Hikishima, Hirotsugu Kojima, Yuto Katoh, Yoshiya Kasahara, Satoshi Kasahara, Takefumi Mitani, Nana Higashio, Ayako Matsuoka, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Kazushi Asamura, Takeshi Takashima, Shoichiro Yokota, Masahiro Kitahara and Shoya Matsuda
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:80
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  39. This paper reports the design, calibration, and operation of high-energy electron experiments (HEP) aboard the exploration of energization and radiation in geospace (ERG) satellite. HEP detects 70 keV–2 MeV el...

    Authors: Takefumi Mitani, Takeshi Takashima, Satoshi Kasahara, Wataru Miyake and Masafumi Hirahara
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:77
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  40. This paper presents detailed performance values of the Magnetic Search Coil (MSC) that is part of the Plasma Wave Experiment on board the Arase (ERG) satellite. The MSC consists of a three-axis search coil mag...

    Authors: Mitsunori Ozaki, Satoshi Yagitani, Yoshiya Kasahara, Hirotsugu Kojima, Yasumasa Kasaba, Atsushi Kumamoto, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Shoya Matsuda, Ayako Matsuoka, Takashi Sasaki and Takahiro Yumoto
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:76
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  41. We developed the onboard processing software for the Plasma Wave Experiment (PWE) onboard the Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace, Arase satellite. The PWE instrument has three receivers: El...

    Authors: Shoya Matsuda, Yoshiya Kasahara, Hirotsugu Kojima, Yasumasa Kasaba, Satoshi Yagitani, Mitsunori Ozaki, Tomohiko Imachi, Keigo Ishisaka, Atsushi Kumamoto, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Mamoru Ota, Satoshi Kurita, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Mitsuru Hikishima, Ayako Matsuoka and Iku Shinohara
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:75
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  42. Substorm onset has originally been defined as a longitudinally extended sudden auroral brightening (Akasofu initial brightening: AIB) followed a few minutes later by an auroral poleward expansion in ground-bas...

    Authors: Akimasa Ieda, Kirsti Kauristie, Yukitoshi Nishimura, Yukinaga Miyashita, Harald U. Frey, Liisa Juusola, Daniel Whiter, Masahito Nosé, Matthew O. Fillingim, Farideh Honary, Neil C. Rogers, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Tsubasa Miura, Takahiro Kawashima and Shinobu Machida
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:73
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Earth, Planets and Space 2019 71:75

  43. Arase is a small scientific satellite program conducted by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, which is dedicated to the detailed study of the radiation belts a...

    Authors: Takeshi Takashima, Emiko Ogawa, Kazushi Asamura and Mitsuru Hikishima
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:71
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  45. The medium-energy particle experiments—electron analyzer onboard the exploration of energization and radiation in geospace spacecraft measures the energy and direction of each incoming electron in the energy r...

    Authors: Satoshi Kasahara, Shoichiro Yokota, Takefumi Mitani, Kazushi Asamura, Masafumi Hirahara, Yasuko Shibano and Takeshi Takashima
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:69
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  46. Ionospheric irregularities are an important phenomenon in scientific studies and applications of radio-wave propagation. Spread-F echoes in ionograms are a type of high-frequency band irregularities that inclu...

    Authors: Ning Wang, Lixin Guo, Zhenwei Zhao, Zonghua Ding and Leke Lin
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:59
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  47. We studied ionospheric irregularities caused by midlatitude sporadic-E (Es) in Japan using ionospheric total electron content (TEC) data from a dense GNSS array, GEONET, with a 3D (three-dimensional) tomography t...

    Authors: Ihsan Naufal Muafiry, Kosuke Heki and Jun Maeda
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:45
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  48. The fluxgate magnetometer for the Arase (ERG) spacecraft mission was built to investigate particle acceleration processes in the inner magnetosphere. Precise measurements of the field intensity and direction a...

    Authors: Ayako Matsuoka, Mariko Teramoto, Reiko Nomura, Masahito Nosé, Akiko Fujimoto, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Manabu Shinohara, Tsutomu Nagatsuma, Kazuo Shiokawa, Yuki Obana, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Makoto Mita, Takeshi Takashima and Iku Shinohara
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:43
    Content type: Full paper Published on:

  49. Combining analyses of spatial and temporal characteristics of the ionosphere is of great significance for scientific research and engineering applications. Tensor decomposition is performed to explore the temp...

    Authors: Shikun Lu, Hao Zhang, Xihai Li, Yihong Li, Chao Niu, Xiaoyun Yang and Daizhi Liu
    Citation: Earth, Planets and Space 2018 70:39
    Content type: Full paper Published on:
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