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Almost all young stellar objects (YSOs) are now known to emit X-rays driven by the magnetic activity. The solar-type dynamo is the plausible mechanism to generate the magnetic fields, but it does not work prop...
X-ray emitting hot plasmas of a temperature 2–12 keV, associated with galaxy clusters, constitute the most dominant form of baryons in the universe. The plasma is thought to be magnetized at least to 0.1–1 nT,...
Asymmetric spontaneous fast magnetic reconnection model, in which the current sheet is initially put between two antiparallel straight magnetic field regions with different magnetic intensities, is studied by ...
In a recent kinetic computer simulation (Arzner and Scholer, 2001), magnetotail reconnection was studied with emphasis on the kinetic (particle) aspect. Complementary, we focus in the present paper on the magn...
This paper addresses the onset of collisionless magnetic reconnection in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere. The two-and-a-half-dimensional version of a fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell code is used t...
The effects of a full 3-D geometry on collisionless reconnection are still basically unknown. Large scale 3-D particle-in-cell simulations are used to investigate the role of internal instabilities associated ...
We report in-situ detection by two spacecraft of oppositely directed jets of plasma emanating from a magnetic reconnection site at the Earth’s dayside magnetopause, confirming a key element inherent in all rec...
Solar CMEs are large scale eruptive phenomena, while flux emergence is a local event on the Sun. Our numerical simulations show that two categories of reconnection-favored emerging flux can trigger the destabi...
We propose a model describing physical processes of solar flares based on resistive reconnection of magnetic field subject to continuous increase of magnetic shear in the arcade. The individual flaring process...
We present possible radio evidence of magnetic reconnection in a solar flare—an LDE event of GOES class M3.2 that was observed on 1999 February 16 on the disk. Our evidence is based upon the facts that we obse...
“Slow LDEs” are those for which the rise phase is slow, as well as the decay phase. Such flares follow the Neupert effect, which implies that the non-thermal energy release has a similar relationship to heatin...
We will introduce a set of observations made during the decay phase of long duration event (LDE) flares on the Sun. In a number of events, the soft X-ray images from Yohkoh SXT indicate a downward directed flow f...
Magnetic reconnection is clearly at work in the solar corona reorganizing and simplifying the magnetic field. It has also been hypothesized that this reorganization process somehow supplies the energy heating ...
Effects of density gradient on the kinetic m = 1 (m/n = 1/1) internal kink mode in a cylindrical tokamak plasma are studied by the gyro-kinetic particle simulations. When the density gradient is not large enough ...
Reconnection is a transient process in essence, and causality is a key point in dealing with reconnection. The driven concept came from this viewpoint. Computer simulation is a powerful tool to understand the ...
In a large laboratory plasma, reconnection of three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fields is studied in the parameter regime of electron magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD). The field topologies are spheromak-like with two...
To understand the fuelling process in a fusion device by a compact toroid (CT) injection method, three dimensional MHD numerical simulations, where a spheromak-like CT (SCT) is injected into magnetized target ...
A short review of physics results obtained in the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX) is given with an emphasis on the local features of magnetic reconnection in a controlled environment. Stable two-dimensi...
A review is presented on experimental research of current sheet formation in 3D magnetic configurations containing null-points and/or singular lines of the X-type. Formation of current sheets is revealed to oc...
A novel high-power heating experiment of spherical tori (ST) has been developed in the TS-3 reconnection device using magnetic reconnection of merging STs. This method enables us to inject whole magnetic and t...
Magnetic reconnection of two toroidal plasmas with arbitrary q values revealed a dependence of sheet-current dissipation and ion heating on ion-gyromotion. Effective sheet-current resistivity was found to increas...
The present paper reviews the recent laboratory experiments on magnetic reconnection focussing on the local features of the reconnection region. It is very important to recognize that magnetohydrodynamics (MHD...
Understanding the generation mechanisms of intense field-aligned currents (FACs) during auroral substorms is one of the central themes of magnetospheric physics. Three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD...
Three related efforts underway at Caltech are discussed: experimental studies of spheromak formation, experimental simulation of solar prominences, and Alfvén wave instability of current sheets. Spheromak form...
A three-dimensional reconnection process, which is caused by the magnetic arcade instability, is investigated using numerical simulations. It is found that the aspect ratio (defined as the ratio of the length ...
A brief review is given of the theory of magnetic reconnection in three dimensions. The key elements of a three-dimensional null point are its spine and its fan, which consist, respectively, of a field line and a...
As a key to understanding the basic mechanism for fast reconnection in solar flares, plasmoid-induced-reconnection and fractal reconnection are proposed and examined. We first briefly summarize recent solar obser...
This article argues the roles of electrical resistivity in magnetic reconnection, and also presents recent 3D particle simulations of coalescing magnetized flux bundles. Anomalous resistivity of the lower-hybr...
Resistivity is believed to play an important role in reconnection leading to the distinction between resistive and collisionless reconnection. The former is treated in the Sweet-Parker model of long current sh...
Boundary layer theory of forced magnetic reconnection due to an externally applied boundary perturbation is improved by introducing correct asymptotic matching which takes into account the effect of inertia in...
Particle simulation studies of collisionless driven reconnection in an open system are presented. Collisionless reconnection evolves in two steps in accordance with the formation of two current layers, i.e., a...
It is not always appreciated that Petschek’s reconnection mechanism is a particular solution of the MHD equations which applies only when special conditions are met. Specifically, it requires that the flow int...
We investigated water vapor distribution in the troposphere, concentrating especially on meso-scale phenomena, such as a cumulus cloud, with dimension less than about 10 km in the horizontal direction by using...
A Geomagnetic Depth Sounding (GDS) survey covering the Northern Apennines of Italy has been carried out in the period 1992–94. Induction arrows maps and hypothetical event Fourier maps were constructed to obta...
The Kohistan arc was formed due to subduction of neo-Tethyan oceanic crust beneath Asia. The arc is comprised of volcanic, plutonic and sedimentary rocks of Mesozoic to Tertiary age, formed prior and after the...
Rock magnetic properties of the Nile mud are reported. They indicate that the carrier of magnetization in the Nile mudis predominantly magnetite. Fourty air-dried ceramic samples made of Nile mud were manufact...
Vector magnetic field observations by the Ørsted satellite during geomagnetic quiet conditions around January 1, 2000, have been employed to derive a spherical cap harmonic model (Haines, 1985) over the southe...
Relationship between displacement and velocity amplitudes of seismic waves was examined with data at stations within 200 km from 142 local earthquakes in and near Japan. The expected value of the coefficient f...
This paper proposes a new method to determine earthquake magnitude for small deep-focus earthquakes by using velocity-amplitude data. For deep-focus earthquakes, body-wave magnitude has been widely used, but i...
In the present analysis we introduced a calculation strategy of the staggered grid differentiation by using the real value FFT and real inverted FFT for the pseudospectral method and applied the technique to s...
We are developing a synthetic aperture technique using a Sea Beam 2000 multi-beam echo sounder to observe subsea crustal movements for earthquake studies. Augmented by the Kinematic GPS and a motion sensor, th...
The deep creep plate interface extends from the down-dip edge of the seismogenic zone down to the base of the overlying lithosphere in subduction zones. Seismogenic/deep creep zone interaction during the earth...
At the Cascadia margin the Juan de Fuca plate is subducting beneath the North America plate, causing active seismicity within both plates. Earthquakes occur down to a maximum depth of 80 km within the descendi...
Geologic and paleomagnetic data from the Cascadia forearc indicate long-term northward migration and clockwise rotation of an Oregon coastal block with respect to North America. Paleomagnetic rotation of coast...
We investigated lateral variations of effective elastic thickness of the subducting Philippine Sea plate along the Nankai trough. For this purpose, we applied two-dimensional thin elastic plate bending theory ...
Activity of large earthquakes in southwestern Japan is simulated with a model that incorporates mechanical interactions between faults, including both interplate and intraplate faults. In this simulation, each...
We consider whether splay fault slip may be a factor influencing the behavior of megathrust earthquakes in the Nankai Trough. Consideration of tsunami inversion results from other studies indicates that slip o...
Coseismic slip distribution on the fault plane of the 1946 Nankai earthquake (Mw 8.3) was estimated from inversion of tsunami waveforms. The following three improvements from the previous study (Satake, 1993) wer...
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