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The fault zone in the earth’s crust is thought to consist of several regions from top to bottom: the upper frictional region, the brittle-ductile transition zone and the ductile region. The upper frictional re...
A new model for growth of plastic shear zone is proposed based on the basis of a theory of fluid dynamics coupled with a rheological constitutive function, and is applied to a natural shear zone. Mylonite, ult...
This paper addresses concepts presented in Session 7 of the conference on “Slip and Flow Processes Near the Base of the Seismogenic Zone” held at Sendai, Japan in November, 2001. The questions raised in this s...
The Nojima fault in Hyogo prefecture, Japan, ruptured during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake (MJMA = 7.3). The stress measurements at sites close to this fault have revealed that the direction of the largest ...
The strength of seismogenic faults is fundamental to earthquake mechanics and plate tectonics, affecting many subsidiary processes in the solid earth. The key to understanding fault strength is determining the...
Laboratory-determined permeability and compressibility data for natural fault gouge samples from the Median Tectonic Line (MTL) are presented and used to estimate hydraulic diffusivities in fault gouge zones. ...
Two recent experimental studies on the frictional behavior of synthetic gouge-bearing faults under the operation of pressure solution are compared. One is triaxial shear experiments on quartz gouge at high pre...
Recent studies of active Californian faults allow us to investigate the mechanisms of fluid flow and crack sealing along faults and to model fluid pressure evolution during earthquake cycles. The model is firs...
P-T conditions of cataclastic deformation associated with underplating in subduction zone are estimated from fluid inclusions within the post-mélange veins in the Cretaceous Shimanto Belt, Kii Peninsula, SW Ja...
Rock alteration and geochemistry of the fault rocks are examined to infer the characteristics of the fluid phase related to the ancient fault activity. The Hatagawa Fault Zone, northeast Japan, is an exhumed s...
The aseismic parts of shear systems at mid-to deep crustal levels can localise the supply of deeply-sourced, high pressure fluids into the shallower level parts of these systems in the seismogenic regime. Even...
We investigated the deep crustal resistivity structure across Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL), one of the most dangerous active intraplate faults in Japan, by use of wide-band magnetotelluric (MT) metho...
The thickness of seismogenic crust layer correlates with surface heat flow in most interplate seismic areas of the world (e.g., Sibson, 1982). Although the inverse relationship between heat flow and the base o...
A new approach for revealing the brittle origin of C-surfaces as localized high shear strain zones in S-C mylonites (mylonites with C-surfaces cutting through a mylonitic S-foliation) is presented. A compiled wor...
The occurrence of mylonite and cataclasite, mineral assemblages of cataclasite, and the K-Ar ages of surrounding granitic rocks and dikes were studied to examine the possibility that the Hatagawa Fault Zone (H...
In order to obtain information about the deformation and fluid-flow processes in seismogenic regions, we designed and constructed an original Japanese-type gas-medium deformation apparatus capable of achieving...
The cut-off depth of seismicity in and around the Nojima fault broken by the 1995 Kobe earthquake occurring in the intraplate Japan was compared with a brittle-ductile transition depth of the widely-accepted s...
A numerical simulation of seismic cycles is performed using a two-dimensional model with a vertical strike-slip fault in an elastic layer overlying a Maxwellian viscoelastic half-space, where the frictional st...
A dense GPS network was established in 1997 around Ou Backbone Range (OBR), northeastern Japan, by deploying 28 continuous GPS stations to complement the sparse portion of GEONET operated by the Geographical S...
The Median Tectonic Line (MTL) is the longest arc-parallel fault system in southwest Japan whose right-lateral strike-slip is related to oblique subduction of the Philippine Sea plate (PH). We constructed a de...
We established a dense permanent GPS array around the northern and central Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) in order to study loading processes of inland active faults. 1–4 years observation has revealed...
Fault zone waves have the potential to be a powerful tool to reveal the fine structure of a fault zone down to the seismogenic depth. Seismic fault zone waves include head waves, trapped waves and direct body ...
A gravity survey was conducted in and around the Nagamachi-Rifu Fault. The density for both terrain and Bouguer corrections was chosen to be 2,300 kg/m3, because volcanic rocks are dominant over the whole measure...
Detailed structures of fault low velocity zones (LVZ) have been studied by analyzing fault-zone trapped waves at various active faults. These studies demonstrate that widths of the fault LVZ are ranging from a...
The Nagamachi-Rifu fault is an active reverse fault which trends NE-SW across the central part of Sendai City for over 21 km distance. The fault does not emerge at the surface and, accompanied with the Dainenj...
A seismic reflection survey using both explosives and vibrators was conducted in June 2001 around the Nagamachi-Rifu fault, northeastern Japan. We carried out observations of four small aperture seismic arrays...
An extensive seismic experiment was carried out in June 2001 around the Nagamachi-Rifu fault, northeastern Japan. We deployed seismic arrays on the hanging wall of the reverse fault, and observed seismic waves...
Distinct phases reflected from mid-crustal reflectors (SxS and PxP phases) were observed in seismograms of aftershocks of 1998 M5.0 Sendai earthquake at nearby stations. We estimated the locations of the reflecto...
Seismic images of deformation beneath South Island, New Zealand, are provided by a form of seismic exploration uniquely suited to the study of “continental islands”—double-sided, onshore-offshore seismic metho...
High resolution images of crustal structure across the San Andreas Fault (SAF) were obtained by using the common conversion point stacking of teleseismic P-to-S converted waves recorded during the Los Angeles Reg...
We examined several previously proposed models of the process by which large intraplate earthquakes are generated, and found the most plausible to be the ‘localized shear model,’ in which seismogenic faults ha...
We investigated the persistence of the most intense Jovian decameter bursts observed during 17 consecutive years (1974–1990). The results showed that even the most intense group of decametric storms lasted onl...
Using the Elman-type neural network technique, operational models are constructed that predict the Dst index two hours in advance. The input data consist of real-time solar wind velocity, density, and magnetic...
We have performed two series of analog experiments using gelatin to study the propagation of liquid-filled cracks in stressed medium. The first series was designed to study the competition between the external...
Based on the study of pre-seismic very high frequency (VHF) and very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic signals, we attempt to establish a set of necessary conditions referring to the underlying critical stag...
This paper describes the processing and analysis of semi-local OBS-data shot along a 122 km profile in the Vøring Basin, NE Atlantic margin, using both a high-frequency/short shot-spacing and a low-frequency/l...
Electric and magnetic data were obtained above the focal area in association with the 1999 Izmit, Turkey earthquake. The acquired data are extremely important for studies of electromagnetic phenomena associate...
Usu volcano, one of the most active volcanoes in Japan, erupted at regular intervals of ca. 30 years during the 1900s. The 2000 eruption took place on March 31 following 23 years of dormancy. An increase in se...
Subsurface sounding of lunar highland region by Lunar Radar Sounder of SELENE project has been investigated based on a computer simulation technique which enables us to analyze sounder echo signals from a mode...
Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) is a spaceborne HF radar system and is a science mission of Japanese lunar exploration project, SELENE, which is scheduled to be launched in 2005. The primary objective of LRS is to i...
We present a case study of substorm-time magnetic field perturbations in the high-altitude polar magnetosphere, corresponding to the polar lobe, using data from the POLAR spacecraft together with ground-based ...
The dependence of maximum variations of H-component negative bays at magnetic conjugate stations on a sign of the IMF B Y -component during the substorms of small and moderate in...
The inversion of electron density from total electron content (TEC) measurements of GPS radio occultation is investigated by means of simulated data from the International Reference Ionosphere IRI-2001 and obs...
The 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake (MJMA 7.3) occurred on January 17, 1995. To reveal the detailed stress field after the mainshock, we relocate hypocenters of aftershocks (M ≥ 2.3) and determine their focal mec...
Magnetospheric substorms frequently have oscillating auroral phenomena associated with them, and which may be related to field line resonances. In this paper we present an analysis of photometer data which dis...
In previous our papers (Sekiya and Ishitsu, 2000 and 2001), hydrodynamic stability of the dust layer in the solar nebula is investigated. However, these papers neglected the rotational effects, that is, the Co...
Magnetotelluric data from 323 sites in the Western Canada Basin have provided impedance tensors from which invariants based on Mohr circle analysis are calculated. From thresholds determined from an initial ex...
Latest Miocene-Pleistocene synrift sediments at Ocean Drilling Program sites 1109, 1115, and 1118 (Leg 180), located on the hanging wall margin north of the Moresby fault in the Woodlark Basin, showed variatio...
A multiple Pi2 event was observed in the midnight sector at the low-latitude ground magnetometer station. Meanwhile, particle fluxes in the midnight sector were measured during the multiple Pi2 event by the AM...
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