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We review recent progresses in light scattering for non-spherical particles. Special attention is paid to cluster of spheres in order to improve our understanding of interplanetary dust particles. For scatteri...
Zodiacal dust evolves from cometary debris through a stage called a meteoroid stream. Meteoroid streams produce meteor showers if a node of the stream is near 1 AU. On occasion, Earth encounters a stream of me...
Like the solar photons the solar wind particles induce a drag force onto the zodiacal dust grains in the heliosphere. For the distant solar wind with high Mach numbers the drag coefficient is a constant, but c...
We calculate the temperature of dust grains produced in Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt (EKB) based on the grain model for water-ice and silicate mixtures. The dust grains with radii ranging from 0.1 μm to 1 mm have low...
Retrieval algorithms for scattering particles are shown based on photopolarimeric measurements of sky light over the ocean and multiple scattering simulations of the polarization field. Polarized components of...
We discuss our present knowledge about the brightness of the solar F-corona in the wavelength range from the visible to the middle infrared. From the general trend of the observational data, the F-corona is regar...
To understand an observed distribution of atmospheric diffuse light (ADL) over an entire meridian, we have solved rigorously, with the quasi-diffusion method, the problem of radiative transfer in an anisotropi...
Following recent simulations of the Phobos dust belt formation (Krivov and Hamilton, 1997), the effective dust-induced charge density as estimated is too small to account for the significant solar wind (sw) pl...
Based on a recent model of the Martian atmosphere/exosphere and a model of the magnetic field and solar wind flow around Mars, the distribution of different planetary ion species in the near tail is calculated...
Wave and plasma measurements carried out by the Phobos-2 spacecraft in the Martian environment indicate that a part of solar wind electrons and ions are reflected and accelerated at the Martian bow shock. Thes...
Thermal convection of the Martian lower atmosphere is examined by the use of a two-dimensional anelastic model with a resolution fine enough to describe convection eddies.
We have investigated size distribution of rampart craters in the east edge of Chryse Planitia on Mars by Viking high resolution images. Clear existence of the onset diameter of rampart crater, which defines th...
The objective of this paper is to construct a stable inversion scheme to determine the conductance of a buried inhomogeneous layer masked by sedimentary cover. We employ a model which incorporates a surface sh...
The Median Tectonic Line (MTL) is one of the longest tectonic lines in Japan with the lateral movement. In order to investigate the subsurface structure around the MTL, we carried out the magnetotelluric sound...
A comparison of satellite and surface surveys of geomagnetic anomalies is performed. A special regional aeromagnetic survey was carried out at the Urals. Different models of the reference field for the region ...
We study the dynamical (three-dimensional box, axisymmetric and spherical shell geometry) and parameterized models of the mantle convection with the core-cooling. The viscosity is constant in space and depende...
Sodium layers (75–105 km) were measured by Na lidar on three nights from 1 to 3 of March 1996. The lidar data were used to calculate the Na density profiles and the atmospheric density spectra. The vertical wa...
We have developed a time-dependent model of the plasmasphere to evaluate the spatial variation of the Coulomb lifetime of ring current ions. Coulomb collision has been considered to be one of major loss proces...
We present in this paper the characteristics of clear air echoes revealed by the MU radar experiments in Shigaraki, Japan (34° 51′ N, 136° 06′ E). In particular, we study a relation between atmospheric stabili...
This study concerns the use of selected geomagnetic field records to establish the 1990 quiet-day current system (Sq) for Australia and to use the ionospheric current source of Sq for a determination of the Earth...
We collected audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) data across Usu volcano, Hokkaido, Japan, which erupted in 1977 and is still active. We had a profile of 17 sites perpendicular to the regional tectonic strike, which c...
The Geological Survey of India conducted a magnetic survey and geological studies in 1993 around Barren Island in the Andaman Sea on board the RV Samudra Manthan. Five ocean bottom magnetometers were deployed by ...
We present a map of the coseismic displacement field resulting from the North Sakhalin, Russia, May 28, 1995, earthquake. Raw radar signal data from the JERS-1 synthetic aperture radar instrument acquired in 2...
Using an indirect boundary integral method, seismograms are computed for elastic media with localized heterogeneities. Models are two-dimensional homogeneous full spaces (P and SV waves) with many circular cav...
A noticeable bending of the magnetic field lines in the Martian upstream region is observed. Variations of the field are controlled by the IMF and the foreshock geometry. The sign of ΔB changes at the crossing of...
Two typical bow shock crossings recorded by the Phobos-2 spacecraft in 1989 are considered in the present paper in order to demonstrate that the Martian bow shock is the shock of “common sense” in spite of pec...
Mars presents us with an example of a magnetosheath in which the interaction of the solar wind with planetary plasma of heavy ions results in a generation of strong nonlinear bi-ion MHD waves. These waves prov...
The Martian environment is characterized by the presence of heavy (oxygen) ions of planetary origin which strongly influence the solar wind dynamics, including the bow shock structure and position and may caus...
The large-scale solar wind interaction with the ionosphere of non-magnetized planets is numerically simulated in the framework of three-dimensional (3-D) magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with a two-component plasma....
The primary science objective of the Planet-B mission to Mars is to study the Martian upper atmosphere-ionosphere system and its interaction with the solar wind. An improved knowledge of the Martian magnetic f...
In order to unveil the presence and characteristics of Martian dust ring/torus, Mars Dust Counter (MDC) is aboard ISAS’s spacecraft PLANET-B, which will be launched in 1998 summer and investigate the upper atm...
Application of altimeter experiment of Planet-B orbiter to the exploration of Martian surface and subsurface layers is planned by using the ALT mode data from the “PWS (Plasma Waves and Sounder) ” instrument. ...
A new altimeter has been developed for the observation of the land shape of a planet from an orbiting spacecraft by transmitting RF pulses. The present system utilizes an RF sounder for observing the electron ...
The Low Frequency plasma wave Analyzer, LFA, on board the PLANET-B spacecraft has been developed to measure the Martian plasma waves. Two orthogonal electric dipole wire antennas, 50 m tip-to-tip, in the space...
For the purpose of observing the Martian ionosphere under the condition of direct interaction with the solar wind by using a RF sounder together with a plasma density probe and high frequency plasma wave detec...
An Electron Spectrum Analyzer (ESA) onboard the Planet-B mission to the planet Mars will measure the electron energy flux in the range of 12 eV to 15 keV in 32 energy steps. The sensor is essentially a toroida...
The Ion Mass Imager (IMI) is a light-weight ion mass composition instrument for the Japanese Planet-B mission to be launched to Mars in 1998. The objective of the Planet-B mission is to study the Martian envir...
The structure and dynamics of the Martian ionosphere are believed to be strongly dependent on the nature, magnitude, and topology of its magnetic field, and whether or not Mars has an intrinsic magnetic field....
Some scientific topics relating to magnetic field measurements around Mars are briefly described and specification of the magnetic field instrument onboard PLANET-B is presented. The highly elliptical orbit of...
We present the specifications of the Mars Imaging Camera (MIC) on the Planet-B spin-stabilized spacecraft, and key scientific objectives of MIC observations. A non-sun-synchronous orbit of Planet-B with a larg...
PLANET-B is the Japanese Mars orbiter program. The spacecraft will begin its journey to Mars in July 1998, and will be inserted into Mars orbit in October 1999. It will collect data for at least one Martian ye...
We find out if the ratio of cross-strait voltage to water transport for the Bering Strait (BS) is constant. For this purpose, we have developed a technique to construct BS water velocity maps. We have built up...
Magnetic analyses have been conducted in and around Akita-Yakeyama volcano at the northwestern edge of the Sengan Geothermal Area, northeast Japan to reveal the regional and local subsurface structures of the ...
Variations of rock-magnetic properties in a late Pleistocene (approx. 18–130 ka) Loess-Paleosol sequence of Haro River area, Attock basin, Pakistan were studied. Isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisi...
A CCD based all-sky (180° field view) airglow imaging system was operated from a low latitude station, Kolhapur (16.8° N, 74.2° E; 10.6° N dip lat.) in India to map the thermospheric motion and to study the lo...
Absorption of radio waves in the polar ionosphere near the magnetic noon was observed on October 8, 1991, by the 30 MHz imaging riometer at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard (invariant latitude 76.1°). These observations s...
Pc5 pulsations which were excited during the great magnetic storm of March 24, 1991 are analysed using the data from three French observatories located in the southern Indian Ocean at the subauroral and middle...
The series of annual mean relative sunspot numbers (Rz) for 1749–1996 is subjected to the recently developed methodology of Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). This technique also enables data-adaptive filtering of...
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